1. Plants Make the World Go Round
Interest Grabber
Plants Make the World Go Round
Life as we know it today could not exist without plants. Plants provide us with many essential items other than food.
1.With your partner, list five items you use daily that are byproducts of plants.
Should have included Oxygen, food, fruit, wood, and water.
2.With your partner, list three items that plants must get from animals—either directly or indirectly.
should include some of the following items: water, carbon dioxide, nutrients (from decaying animals), soil.

2. 22-1
Plants
Plants are multicellular eukaryotes that have cell walls made of cellulose. That carries out photosynthesis using green pigment chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b.

3. Plant life cycle
Has two alternating phases a diploid (2N) and a haploid (N) known as alternation of generation.
Diploid phase is known as a sporophyte (meoisis) or spore producing plant.
Haploid phase is know as gametophyte (mitosis) or gamete-producing plant

4. Generalized Plant Life Cycle
Section 22-1
Haploid
Diploid
MEIOSIS
Spores (N)
Figure 22-2 Pg 552
Gametophyte Plant (N)
Sporophyte Plant (2N)
Sperm (N)
Eggs (N)
FERTILIZATION

5. Looking at figure 22-2 Answer the question below.
Which generation of a plant is diploid and which is haploid?
2. Which generation produces gametes?
What does the sporophyte produce?
What process produces spores?
The sporophyte is diploid and the gametophyte is haploid
The gametophyte
Spores
Meoisis

6. What Plants Need To Survive
1. Water and minerals for the survival of their cells
2. Gas exchange to support cellular respiration
3. Movement of water and nutrients to carry upward from the soil to the leaves.
4. Sunlight for photosynthesis

7. Early plants The first plants evolved from algae Algae Plants
Study the picture above how are green algae and plants alike?
Both have chlorophyll, stores carbohydrates, and have cell walls.

8. Figure 22–6 (Pg. 554) Plant Groups
What are the four
Main groups of plants?
What do mosses
and their relatives
lack that all other
plants have?
What do mosses and their relative lack that all other plants have?
Flowering plants
Cone-bearing plants
Ferns and their relatives
Mosses and their relatives
Green algae ancestor
Flowers; Seeds Enclosed in Fruit
Seeds
Water-Conducting (Vascular) Tissue
Mosses, Ferns,
Cone-bearing, and
Flower-bearing plants
Vascular Tissue
How do the seeds of flowering
plants differ from the seeds of
cone-bearing plants?
Flowering plants have
seeds enclosed in fruit

9. Chapter 22
Bryophytes
Are non-vascular plants-lacking vascular tissue that does not conduct water or nutrients.
Depends on water for reproduction producing sperm that must swim in the water to
fertilize a egg
Absorbs water
by osmosis
Includes mosses,
liverworts, and
hornworts
22-2

10. Mosses Page 557 Most common bryophytes Grown in areas that are
Capsule
Stalk
Sporophyte
Most common bryophytes
Grown in areas that are
abundant in water
Can survive in polar
regions
Contain rhizoids-are long,
thin cells that anchor them into
the ground and absorb water and
minerals from surrounding soil.
Water moves from cell to cell
by the rhizoids.
Gametophyte
Stemlike structure
Leaflike structure
Rhizoids

11. Figure 22–11 The Life Cycle of a Moss
Section 22-2
Mature sporophyte (2N)
Gametophyte (N)
Young sporophyte (2N)
Zygote (2N)
Sperm (N)
Egg (N)
Spores (N)
Capsule (sporangium)
Protonema (young gametophyte) (N)
Male gametophyte
Female gametophyte
Antheridia
Archegonia
Haploid (N)
Diploid (2N)
MEIOSIS
FERTILIZATION

12. Seedless Vascular Plants
22-3
Seedless Vascular Plants
Established a evolutionary transport system
Tracheids is a new type of cell specialized to conduct water.
These tracheids was the key cell in xylem a transport subsystem that carries water upwards from the roots to every part of the plants.
Phloem transports nutrients and carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis.
Both of vascular tissue the xylem and the phloem can move fluids through the plant body even against gravity.

13. Seedless Vascular plant
Club mosses
Horsetails
Ferns-have true vascular tissue, strong roots, and creeping underground stems called rhizomes and large leaves called fronds
-can live in areas with
little light and are mostly
wet or seasonally wet.

14. Horsetail and Fern

15. Interest Grabber Eat Your Seeds!
A seed contains both the embryo of a plant and a food supply for that plant. If you have eaten corn, you’ve eaten a seed. Do you like hamburger buns with sesame seeds on them? That’s another kind of seed you’ve eaten.
After you answer the following questions, exchange papers with a partner to see how many of the same seeds you listed.
Interest Grabber
1. In addition to sesame seeds, what are some other seeds that are found in or on top of loaves of bread?
Most students will list poppy seeds and caraway seeds. In addition, some “multi-grain” breads contain millet and flax seeds.
2. In addition to corn, what are some other seeds that are eaten as “vegetables”?
Peas and all types of beans, such as lima beans, black beans, kidney beans, and so on
3. What are some seeds that you have eaten as snack foods?
Sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, peanuts
4. What types of nutrients are found in seeds?
Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
Do seeds have the same nutritional value for plants as they do for animals? Explain your answer.
Yes. Plants and animals use the same nutrients to live.

16. Countdown to TAKS Choose the best answer.
Leon tosses two number cubes without looking at them. A friend tells Leo that the total came out to be an odd number. What is the probability that the total is 7?
F. 1/6 G. 2/9 H. 1/3 J. 1/2

17. Countdown to TAKS F Incorrect
The probability of rolling a 7 is 1/6 without taking into account whether the number is odd or even.
G Incorrect; How many ways can you come up with a 7?
J Incorrect; make a chart showing the results for each die. Count up how many ways come up 7.
H Correct There are 6 combinations of numbers that equal 7: (1,6), (2,5), (3,4), (6,1), (5,2), (4,3). There are 6 X 6 = 36 possible combinations but only 18 are odd. The probability of the odd total being 7 is 6/18=1/3.

18. 22-4
Seed Plants
Are divided into two groups gymnosperms and angiosperms.
Gymnosperms bear their seed directly on the surface of cones
Angiosperms called flowering plants, bear their seeds within a layer of tissue that protects the seed.

19. Bean Seed

20. Compare/Contrast Table
Section 22-4
Comparing Features of Seed Plants
Feature
Seeds
Reproduction
Examples
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Bear their seeds on cones
Can reproduce without water; male gametophytes are contained in pollen grains; fertilization occurs by pollination
Conifers, cycads, ginkgoes, gnetophytes
Bear their seeds within flowers
Can reproduce without water; male gametophytes are contained in pollen grains; fertilization occurs by pollination
Grasses, flowering trees and shrubs, wildflowers, cultivated flowers

21. Seeded Plants Reproduction
Seeded plants have adaptations allowing them to reproduce without water.
1. Seeds
2. Pollen
3. Cones and Flowers

22. 1. Seeds Figure 22–19 The Structure of a Seed
Section 22-4
Seed coat
Embryo
Stored food supply
Seed
Wing B
The Structure of a Seed is the embryo (in its early stages of development) of a plant that is encased in seed coat that is its protective covering and surrounded by a food supply

23. 2. Pollen
Pollen is the male gametophyte contained in tiny structures called a pollen grain. Pollen is then carried by the wind to a female reproductive structure known as pollination.

24. 3. Cones and Flowers
The gametophytes of seed plants grow and mature within sporophyte structures called cones. Which are the seed bearing structures of gymnosperms, and flowers.

25. Cone Bearers Gymnosperms meaning “naked seed”; plants that reproduce with seeds that are exposed.
4 Main types of cone bearers
Gnetophytes found in desert environments
Cycads palm like plants the produce large cones
Ginkgoes common when dinosaurs existed
Conifers mainly your Christmas trees

26. Cycads
Gnetophytes
Conifers
Ginkgoes

27. 22-5
Flowering Plants Angiosperms (meaning enclosed seed) develop a unique reproductive organs known as flowers containing ovaries, which surround and protect the seed
How to classify Angiosperms
Monocots and Dicots
Woody and Herbaceous
Annuals, Biennials, and
Perennials (life span).

28. Section 22-5
1. Monocots and Dicots comparison -Monocots have one seed leaf -Dicots have two seed leafs -Resulting in a cotyledon which is the first leaf produces from the embryo of a seed plant.
Monocots
Dicots
Single cotyledon
Parallel veins
Floral parts often in multiples of 3
Vascular bundles scattered throughout stem
Fibrous roots
Two cotyledons
Branched veins
Floral parts often in multiples of 4 or 5
Vascular bundles arranged in a ring
Taproot
Seeds
Leaves
Flowers
Stems
Roots

29. 2.Woody and Herbaceous
Divided into two groups according to their stems
Woodiness –are primarily made of plants with cells having thick walls that support the plant body (examples include grapes and ivys).
Herbaceous- are stems that are smooth and nonwoody (examples include roses and blueberries).

30. Classifying angiosperms 3. Life Span
Section 22-5
Plants
are categorized as
Annuals
Biennials
Perennials
that complete their life cycle in
that complete their life cycle in
that complete their life cycle in
1 growing season
2 years
More than 2 years

31. Seed Plants

32. Page 580 Monocots Dicots Single cotyledon Two cotyledons Seeds
Branched veins
Leaves
Parallel veins
Floral parts often in multiples of 3
Floral parts often in multiples of 4 or 5
Flowers
Vascular bundles scattered throughout stem
Vascular bundles arranged in a ring
Stems
Roots
Fibrous roots
Taproot