1. What does it mean to compromise?
How do you think the admission of new territories as states will effect the slavery issue?
What does it mean to compromise?
US 1820
Orange – slave states
Green – free states

2. Terms to Know:
Compromise – an agreement in which two or more sides agree to accept less than they originally wanted
Sectionalism – loyalty to one’s region or “section” of the country instead of the nation as a whole
Popular sovereignty – the right of the people to rule themselves
People will use this idea to argue that the voters in each state, not the federal government, should decide key issues (ie. slavery)

3. Henry Clay Stephen Douglas
Compromise people!

4. Complete the fill in the blank worksheet and ADD COLOR to each map using the key
Creating America - pp. 464 for map – to review content use pages for Missouri Compromise, pages for Compromise of 1850 and pages for Kansas-Nebraska Act
American Nation – page 460 for Missouri Compromise, page for Compromise of 1850, and pages for Kansas-Nebraska Act

5. Missouri Compromise (1820)
Issue – balance of power threatened when Missouri applies for statehood as slave state (11/11)
Compromise – (Clay)
1 Missouri admitted as slave state
2 Maine admitted as a free state
3 The rest of the Louisiana Territory was divided at the 36⁰ 30’ – applied only to Louisiana Purchase lands. All new states north of line would be free, slavery permitted south of the line
Outcome – Balance maintained for 30 years

7. Wilmot Proviso proposal to outlaw slavery in newly acquired Mexican lands - did not pass, but led to birth of Free-Soil Party – some elected to Congress

8. Compromise of 1850
Issue – balance of power threatened once again when California applies for statehood as free state (15/15)
Compromise – (Pushed by Clay, then Douglas)
1 California admitted as free state
2 New Mexico and Utah become territories, voters to decide on slavery issue themselves (popular sovereignty)
3 Harsher Fugitive Slave law passed (any African-American from North could be kidnapped into slavery, all Northerners legally required to assist in catching slaves)
4 Slave trade (buying and selling) abolished in Washington DC, but not slavery itself
5 Border dispute settled between Texas and New Mexico
Outcome – tensions remain high because neither side felt satisfied – the fugitive slave act was especially hard for northerners to accept

10. Kansas-Nebraska Act
Issue – Should the remaining parts of the Louisiana purchase territory be free states or slave states?
Compromise – (Douglas)
1 The remaining land in the Louisiana Purchase was split into two territories (Kansas and Nebraska)
2 These territories would decide the issue of slavery themselves – (popular sovereignty)
Outcome – Anti-slavery groups outraged – slavery was already banned in this area with the Missouri Compromise! Groups from both sides move into Kansas to try and stake claim to the region
Leads to …“Bleeding Kansas” (VIOLENCE)

12. Bell Ringer! For the following statement indicate if it refers to
(M) Missouri Compromise
(C) Compromise of (K/N) Kansas-Nebraska Act
Included a stronger Fugitive Slave Act to help slaveholders recapture runaways
Ensured a balance of free/slave states for almost 30 years
Popular sovereignty used to decide on slavery, so people of territory would vote on it (two compromises)
Missouri admitted as a slave state
Overturned Missouri Compromise Law C M
K/N, C M
K/N

14. Bleeding Kansas simulation People Involved…
Border Ruffians - pro-slavery groups who cross the border to fight with anti-slavery groups in Kansas
Returned on election day and vote illegally!
Abolitionists – want to end slavery, refuse to follow new laws and create their own government
Free-Soilers – wanted to outlaw slavery in newly acquired Mexican lands
Kansas residents – move to Kansas mainly to farm – most have no loyalty to either side
John Brown – Abolitionist who leads a group to strike back against border ruffians, uses extreme violence to strike “terror” into pro-slavery settlers

15. Are the compromises Congress is enacting solving the slavery issue
Are the compromises Congress is enacting solving the slavery issue? Why or why not?
At this point, what method should abolitionists use to fight slavery? (Peaceful protest or direct action?)
Is violence justified as a means to a political end or to social change? Why or why not?

16.
Abolitionists (12 minutes)
Bleeding Kansas, John Brown, violence in Senate, Dred Scott

17. Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 What would Thoreau say about this?
CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE!

18. Uncle Tom’s Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe 1852
Best selling novel at the time,
only second to the Bible!
Read widely, told of horrors of
slavery

19. The Plot…
The book explores the different aspects of slavery exposing the evils of even the “kind” masters
“Uncle Tom” is a slave who starts out on Mr. Shelby’s plantation (kind master who sees the evils of slavery but still owns slaves)
Tom is eventually sold to a very
cruel master (Simon Legree),
he abuses Tom so badly that
he eventually kills him
Tom never resists or attempts
escape, uses religion to keep hope

20. “Bleeding Kansas”
Pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers battling it out for domination in Kansas
How does the idea of popular sovereignty lead to this?

21. Bleeding Sumner!

22. John Brown How does John Brown “strike terror” into pro-slavery settlers?

23. Dred Scott Case

24. Dred Scott Case Court addresses 3 questions with this case:
1 – Can a slave sue in court?
2 – Does living in a free territory make a slave free?
3 – Can Congress outlaw slavery in any US state or territory?

25. SUPREME COURT DECISIONS:
Q: Was Scott a U.S. citizen with the right to sue?
A: NO
Q: Did living in a free territory make Scott a free man?
A: NO
Q: Did Congress have the right to outlaw slavery in any territory?
A: NO

26. Review : What is Judicial Review?
Can declare a law passed by Congress to be UNCONSTITUTIONAL
(So they can overturn any previous law passed)

27. RESULTS:
•Dred Scott was not given his freedom
•The Missouri Compromise was found to be unconstitutional
Open to slavery through popular sovereignty (Compromise of 1850)
Open to slavery through popular sovereignty (KS-NE Act)
Missouri Compromise line is declared unconstitutional (Dred Scott Decision)

28. Opinions of the Court Majority opinion – Chief Justice Roger Taney
Minority (dissenting) opinion – Justice Benjamin Curtis

29. Taney – came from slave owning tobacco family, appointed by Jackson, firm believer in states’ rights
Curtis – from Massachusetts, first Justice to have formal law degree (Harvard), eventually resigns from court on principle (in 1857)

30. Following the Dred Scott case, many abolitionists became more radicalized (they were more likely to use violent means to end slavery)
Others, like Garrison, believed violence only made things worse
Do you think slavery could still end with non-violence? Why or why not?
John Brown begins organizing a revolt
Would you join him? Why or why not?

32. John Brown and Harper’s Ferry
He wanted to inspire slaves to fight
Planned to capture
federal arsenal (gun
warehouse) at Harper’s
Ferry, Virginia

33. The Fight
Brown and 18 followers capture arsenal, killing 4 people in the raid
Word is sent to rally and arm local slaves but none join him (not many slaves in the area!)

34. An illustration entitled "Capture of John Brown in the Engine House"
10 of Brown’s men were killed including 2 of his sons
A few escaped, 7 were captured, tried and hanged

35. Reports of the event add to hysteria:
News reports like the New York Times Herald called the event the “Extensive Negro Conspiracy”

36. The arraignment of John Brown before the Federal court at Charles Town, West Virginia. Brown refused to plead guilty to insanity as a defense at his trial, and in his final speech attacking slavery, became a martyr for the abolitionist cause. He was hanged for treason on December 2, 1859.

37. Abolitionists respond to Brown’s Execution

38. How should Americans remember me?
John Brown: Martyr or Terrorist? Martyr – someone who dies for a cause Terrorist – someone who uses violence to strike fear into enemy
How should Americans remember me?

39. Video