1. Ancient Egypt

2. Ancient Egypt Vocabulary Cataracts Delta Pharaoh Dynasty Nobles
Afterlife
Mummies
Elite
Pyramids
Engineering
Trade routes
Hieroglyphics
Papyrus

3. Ancient Egypt Sphinxes Obelisks Trade network Merchants Exports
Imports

4. Ancient Egypt
Nile
Starts as the Blue Nile, originating in Ethiopia; and the White Nile, originating in Sudan/Uganda
Flows South to North into the Mediterranean Sea

5. Ancient Egypt Nile Divided in two main parts
Upper Nile (most of the it) and the lower Nile
Lower Nile is the delta of the Nile
Annual flooding called the “Miracle of the Nile” brings water and fertile soil (silt)
Those silt fields brought great wealth to the civilization

7. Ancient Egypt
Nile
Four Kingdoms
Lower Egypt
Upper Egypt
Nubia
Kush

8. Nile Delta
Lower Egypt
Upper Egypt
Nubia
Kush
Nile Delta

9. Ancient Egypt
History
Menes, the first king who joined the Upper and Lower kingdoms; capital at Memphis (not TN)
became the first Egyptian dynasty around 3100 B.C.
Menes is considered the first pharaoh
part god, part human

10. Ancient Egypt The Old Kingdom (2700-2100 B.C.) Pharaohs
ruled with absolute power
Vizier – was the “steward of the whole land”
Under the vizier where the governors of the provinces
One famous vizier was Imhotep
Built the first pyramid

11. Ancient Egypt Social Structure Three Classes (below pharaoh)
Nobles – government officials and priests
Scribes/craftsman
Farmers, servants, and slaves

12. Ancient Egypt Influences Sumerian designs Nubian poetry
Trade with other areas brought in even more influences

13. Ancient Egypt Religion Polytheistic Two groups Sun gods
The sun, to the Egyptians, was the source of life
In human form, he was Atum
Or as Ra, with a falcon head

14. Ancient Egypt Religion (continued) Land gods
Osiris, King of the Afterlife
Isus, Osiris’ wife and sister
Seth, Osiris’ brother
Horus, Osiris and Isus’ son

15. Ancient Egypt Religion Mummies
To preserve the bodies of the dead, priests mummified (embalmed) the bodies
mostly for wealthy families who could afford it
removed certain organs and buried them in jars with the body
process took about 70 days

16. Ancient Egypt Religion– Pyramids Massive tombs for the pharaohs
Large one for the pharaoh
Smaller ones for the family
even smaller for pharaoh’s officials
Tombs included chairs, boats, chests, weapons games, food, etc.

17. Ancient Egypt Religion (continued) Afterlife (life after death)
Believed in ka, a person’s life force (spirit), and that it left the body after death, but could not leave the burial site
At burial, everything a person might need for the afterlife was placed in the tomb (including food)

18. Ancient Egypt Old Kingdom – Pyramids The Great Pyramid Great Sphinx
built for King Khufu at Giza, Egypt
481 feet tall, 756 feet along each side
Great Sphinx
Supposedly the face is a likeness to the son of Khufu, Khafre
And supposedly it is the guardian of the sacred site

19. Ancient Egypt Middle Kingdom
Egypt conquered Nubia, the area south of Egypt, in present day Sudan
Public works were widespread
Provided for the public welfare
Canal dug from Nile to the Red Sea

20. Ancient Egypt Middle Kingdom Invasion of the Hyksos
Had horses and chariots
won against the Egyptian army
Ahmose of Thebes learned and used the Hyksos’ technology to defeat them and brought forth the New Kingdom

21. Egypt
New Kingdom
Egypt conquered Kush, forced them to pay annual payments
Conquered some of western Fertile Cresent
Assyrian, Babylonia, and the Hittites sent gifts to keep the Egyptians happy

22. Ancient Egypt Leaders of the New Kingdom
Hatshepsut - first woman pharaoh
Thutmose III – expanded the kingdom to parts of the Fertile Crescent

23. Ancient Egypt Amenotep IV or Akhenaton – introduced a god named Aton.
wanted Egyptians to worship only Aton (Monotheism-worship of only one god)
Tutankhamen – restored old pantheon, boy King Tut
Ramses II – Expanded the previously lost borders back into Palestine

24. Ancient Egypt New Kingdom
A still unknown “Sea Peoples” (Greeks?) invaded SW Asia
Egypt defeated them, but lost their empire and never again was powerful

25. Ancient Egypt Work and Daily Life Scribes
Accountants, record keepers, and writers
Artisans, Artists, and Architects
Highly regarded because their skills and because they designed the pyramids and temples

26. Ancient Egypt Work and Daily Life Soldiers Farmers/Peasants
Were paid in land and could keep some treasures of war
Farmers/Peasants
Had to pay taxes in grain and could be forced to go to war or work on building projects

27. Ancient Egypt Work and Daily Life Family Life
Men married early; started work at 14
Women stayed at home; had legal rights
Children were educated in writing, math, morals, and sports

28. Ancient Egypt Achievements/Advancements Writing (Hieroglyphics)
Over 600 symbols that had sounds
Papyrus, paper made from reeds
Kept preserved by the dry climate
Can read many texts from ancient Egypt

29. Ancient Egypt Rosetta Stone
Napoleonic French soldier in 1799 found a key to reading the hieroglyphics
Had Greek, later Egyptian writing, and hieroglyphic translations

30. Ancient Egypt Architecture Pyramids and temples
Sphinxes – images/sculptures of human/animal heads on a lions body
Obelisks – tall, four-sided pillar with pointed top

31. Ancient Kush Nubia Today it is a desert
Ancient Nubia was fertile from flooding like in Egypt and had easily accessible gold, copper, and stone
Ancient Nubia relied on grains and livestock

32. Ancient Kush From Nubia to Kush
One rich farmer took over several villages along the Nile, made himself king, and renamed Nubia Kush
They traded with Egypt and lived in peace of a time

33. Ancient Kush Egypt-ruled Kush Thutmose I took over Kush
The people assimilated into Egyptian culture
Lasted 450 years until the end of the New Kingdom

34. Ancient Kush Kush-ruled Egypt
Kushite kings Kashta and Piankhi took over all of Egypt
Piankhi’s brother Shabaka proclaimed himself pharaoh and renewed old Egyptian customs building new temples and pyramids

35. Ancient Kush Late Kush Iron
Assyrians gained power and conquered Egypt kicking out Kushites
Iron
Kush started to produce iron and opened a trade network with Greece, Egypt, and perhaps even China
They would export iron and import foreign goods

36. Ancient Kush
Decline
Kushites allowed cows to overgraze and cut down all of their trees which allowed the desert to encroach
Could no longer trade and Ethiopia conquered them and eventually converted them to Christianity