1. Industrial Revolution Begins

2. Revolution in Great Britain 1700s = change in technology 1700s = change in technology energy source changed from human & animal power to machinery energy source changed from human & animal power to machinery Industrial Revolution occurred when use of power-driven machinery was developed Industrial Revolution occurred when use of power-driven machinery was developed this started in Great Britain this started in Great Britain

3. Factors for Success in Great Britain exploration and colonialism exploration and colonialism power of the sea power of the sea political stability political stability government support government support growth of private investment growth of private investment

4. Agricultural Factors 1701  Jethro Tull invented seed drill 1701  Jethro Tull invented seed drill landowners bought up small farms and consolidated them in the enclosure movement landowners bought up small farms and consolidated them in the enclosure movement

5. Factors of Production: Land Great Britain had great natural resources Great Britain had great natural resources –coal for fuel –iron for steel & machinery –waterways (rivers & canals) to generate power and transport raw materials and goods

7. Factors of Production: Labor Great Britain’s population grew because of greater food supply Great Britain’s population grew because of greater food supply enclosure movement took land away from small farmers enclosure movement took land away from small farmers –resulted in surplus of available workers

8. Factors of Production: Capital capital is the money or property a business needs to stay in business capital is the money or property a business needs to stay in business capital can be money, machines, or people capital can be money, machines, or people –people who specialized in one area had abilities and skills to their advantages

9. A Revolution in Textiles a cottage industry is an occupation in which you make a craft and it is done in your home a cottage industry is an occupation in which you make a craft and it is done in your home making cloth had been a cottage industry making cloth had been a cottage industry cloth was made mostly with wool cloth was made mostly with wool

10. A New Way of Making Cloth cloth was now made from wool and cotton cloth was now made from wool and cotton –more sheep could be raised due to the enclosure movement –cotton came to Great Britain from the colonies new inventions helped the process of cloth making new inventions helped the process of cloth making

11. Cotton Gin invented by Eli Whitney invented by Eli Whitney removed seeds from raw cotton removed seeds from raw cotton

12. Spinning Jenny invented by James Hargreaves invented by James Hargreaves spun multiple threads at one time spun multiple threads at one time –threads were still thick and broke easily

13. Spinning Frame invented by Richard Arkwright invented by Richard Arkwright similar to the spinning jenny similar to the spinning jenny –spun stronger, thinner threads

14. “Flying Shuttle” invented by John Kay invented by John Kay pushed thread back and forth on loom automatically pushed thread back and forth on loom automatically –had been done by the weaver pushing the shuttle back and forth –allowed for looms to be wider than arm’s width

15. Power Loom invented by Edmund Cartwright in 1785 invented by Edmund Cartwright in 1785 automated the weaving process automated the weaving process

16. Cloth Making Outside the Home new inventions to speed up the cloth making process were big machines new inventions to speed up the cloth making process were big machines machines needed a special place to house them machines needed a special place to house them cloth now made in FACTORIES cloth now made in FACTORIES

17. Steam Powers the Revolution steam is created when water is heated to the point of vaporizing steam is created when water is heated to the point of vaporizing water vapors expand when hot water vapors expand when hot steam engines were invented in 1712 by Thomas Newcomen steam engines were invented in 1712 by Thomas Newcomen

18. Newcomen Steam Engine

19. Development of the Steam Engine James Watt innovated Newcomen’s steam engine to be more efficient James Watt innovated Newcomen’s steam engine to be more efficient –Watt’s engine was better suited for factories 1802  Richard Trevithick put a steam engine in first locomotive 1802  Richard Trevithick put a steam engine in first locomotive 1807  Robert Fulton developed the first steamship 1807  Robert Fulton developed the first steamship

20. Coal for British Steam Engines coal mining industry in northern and western England grew coal mining industry in northern and western England grew by 1800, Great Britain produced 80% of Europe’s coal by 1800, Great Britain produced 80% of Europe’s coal mining was dangerous mining was dangerous –explosions –coal dust –collapsing shafts –hard labor

21. THE IMPACT OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1700-1900

22. Before the Industrial Revolution Cottage industry Production at home, but under the social conditions of capitalism

23. German hand-loom weaver

24. ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION Agricultural Revolution of 18 th Century Introduction of New Crops Introduction of New Crops  Legumes, turnips, clover, potatoes  Scientific Livestock Breeding  Enclosure System

25. ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION Rapid Population Growth in 18 th Century Rapid Population Growth in 18 th Century 1700-1800:110 million to 190 million 1700-1800:110 million to 190 million Better health practices Better health practices –Smallpox Inoculation –Sanitation

26. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Increased Demand for goods Increased Demand for goods Investment Capital Investment Capital Cheap Labor Cheap Labor Inventions Inventions –Flying Shuttle –Cotton Gin –Spinning Jenny –Power Loom –Steam Engine

27. Role of Technology Cotton and the spinning jenny Cotton and the spinning jenny Cotton gin (Eli Whitney, 1793 ) Cotton gin (Eli Whitney, 1793 )

28. The Industrial Revolution Steam power Thomas Newcomen James Watt

29. Cotton Production Factory System

30. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Improved Transportation Improved Transportation –Canals –Railroads Iron Production Iron Production Factory System Factory System

31. Role of technology: Iron and steam Iron smelting – coke Iron smelting – coke 1780s – high quality iron (ships, weapons, rails and nails) 1780s – high quality iron (ships, weapons, rails and nails) 1782 – rotary engine 1782 – rotary engine

32. Role of Technology: railroad Rocket Rocket Liverpool to Manchester line (1830) Liverpool to Manchester line (1830) 20 years: 50 mph, 2,000 miles of tracks 20 years: 50 mph, 2,000 miles of tracks effects effects

33. Role of technology: transportation Revolution

35. SPREAD OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

36. Social impacts: factories and their effects

37. Urbanization Significant Population Growth Significant Population Growth Move to the cities--shift of orientation from countryside to city. Move to the cities--shift of orientation from countryside to city. Housing, public health, crime, sanitation Housing, public health, crime, sanitation Poor working conditions Poor working conditions Child labor; female labor Child labor; female labor

38. Social Impacts: new social classes Working class Working class Child and female labor Child and female labor Working conditions Working conditions

39. Class Consciousness Middle Class—bourgeoisie Middle Class—bourgeoisie Working Class—proletariat Working Class—proletariat Peasant Peasant Landed Gentry—old aristocracy Landed Gentry—old aristocracy

40. Social and political impacts: middle, entrepreneurial and business classes Concept of “middle class” Concept of “middle class” New business aristocracy New business aristocracy

41. Social and political impacts: reforms, regulations and labor organizations Cotton factories Regulation Act (1819) Cotton factories Regulation Act (1819) MP Sadler and the Factory Act (1833) MP Sadler and the Factory Act (1833) Ashley and the Mines Act (1842) Ashley and the Mines Act (1842) Unions, 1824 Unions, 1824 Grand National Consolidated Trade Unions, 1834 Grand National Consolidated Trade Unions, 1834