1. Unit 4 Chapter 7: The Industrial Revolution Section 1: A New Kind of Revolution

2. Why Did Industrialization Begin in Britain? Factors for Success Exploration and colonialism = source of cheap raw materials & markets Seapower = ability to transport goods all over world safely & efficiently Political stability/support = govt. supported growth of business Private investment = individuals had freedom to research and develop new products/inventions

3. An Agricultural Revolution Farmers apply scientific knowledge and tech - nology to increase agricultural production Jethro Tull invents seed drill -1701 Hybrid crops & livestock breeding Result: Food surplus = population growth Enclosure Movement = landowners combined small farms into larger ones, making production more efficient Pastured sheep large-scale production Tenant farmers run off land  increase labor force

4. The Factors of Production Britain the first to have all factors of production at one time: Land – natural resources (coal, iron, water, etc) Labor – large population who need work Capital – funds available for investment in business Government stability

5. Revolution in Textiles Textiles(clothing) is 1 st industry to industrialize Inventions in cloth-making lead to increased production Hargreaves’ spinning jenny Arkwright’s spinning frame John Kay’s flying shuttle Cartwright’s power loom *Advancement in one step of the production process causes the other steps to improve as well

6. The Factory System The Cottage System (home) Old way of manufacturing done in the home Inefficient and costly Allowed worker to stay at home and do other things Piecemeal work – paid only for what you produce Factory System (Industry) All machines and laborers housed under one roof More efficient and less costly Workers go to factory Wages replace “piece work”

7. Steam Power Replaced moving water as new source of energy James Watt develops first workable steam engine by 1800 Steam power had several advantages: 1.Could locate factory closer to raw materials or markets 2.Not as dependent on weather 3.More efficient (could be applied to variety of inventions) Steam is applied to transportation 1.Richard Trevithick invents 1 st locomotive – 1802 2.Robert Fulton invents steamboat - 1807

8. Industrialization Spreads Why did industrialization do well in West and not in the East (Africa, Asia)? Citizens of western nations tended to have more freedom to compete and develop business for profits How did industrialization come to America? Samuel Slater “smuggled” in plans for building a spinning mill – 1793 in Pawtucket, Rhode Island Completely by memory as Britain tried to stop any spread of their advanced technology

9. Rest of Europe and the World Slow to spread to rest of Europe because France held up by political turmoil of French Revolution & Napoleonic Wars Germany held back due to 1.Lack of govt. support 2.Lack of cooperation btwn. German states 3.Lack of transportation at first Very slow to spread to Asia Distrust of foreigners Lack of individual freedoms Japan eventually became 1 st Asian nation to industrialize and became the leading nation as a result