1. The Beginning of the Industrial Revolution
Ch. 9.1

2. Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain
New Ways of Working
Before this period, most products were handmade – problem?
Industrial Revolution—greatly increases output of machine made goods instead of handmade products. What are the pros and cons?
Revolution begins in England in the middle 1700s – Why?
The Agricultural Revolution Paves the Way for Industrialization
Wealthy landowners buy, enclose land once owned by poorer village farmers
Enclosures—large farm fields enclosed by fences or hedges
Importance
Enclosures allow experimentation with new agricultural methods
Poor farmers became tenant farmers, some just quit and moved to the cities (factory workers)

3. Inventions Spur Industrialization
New Techniques were Used
Rotating Crops
Crop rotation—switching crops each year to avoid depleting the soil
Livestock breeders allow only the best to breed, improve food supply
(between lamb weights claimed from 18 to 50 lbs.)
Population increased

4. Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain
Why the Industrial Revolution Began in England
Industrialization— machine production of goods
Britain has natural resources—coal, iron, rivers, harbors
Expanding economy in Britain encourages investment
People moving from small farms to the city looking for work.
Britain has all needed factors of production—land, labor, capital (wealth)

5. Activity Divide yourselves into teams of three.
You will be assigned one of the following to present to the class in 10 minutes.
What did your inventor devise?
How did your inventor contribute to the production of goods?
Define significance to the development of an industrialized society
James Watt Richard Trevithick
Matthew Boulton - George Stephenson
Robert Fulton John Kay
James Hargreaves Samuel Crompton
Edmund Cartwright - Jethro Tull

6. James Watt Steam Engine for Factories

7. Matthew Boulton Entrepreneur who funded Watt to build his engine

8. Robert Fulton – put steam engine in boat Steamboat Clermont

9. James Hargreaves – powered spinning wheel = spinning jenny one spinner can work 8 threads at a time

10. John Kay – flying shuttle

11. Samuel Crompton combined spinning jenny & water frame = spinning mule
Jethro Tull

12. Edmund Cartwright – power loom http://www. youtube. com/watch

13. Richard Trevithick – Steam-Driven Locomotive

14. George Stephenson built the Rocket

15. Jethro Tull – seed drill

16. Inventions Spur Industrialization
Watt’s Steam Engine
Need for cheap, convenient power spurs development of steam engine
Used to run factories
James Watt improves steam engine, financed by Matthew Boulton
Matthew Boulton
Boulton an entrepreneur—organizes, manages,
takes business risks

17. Inventions Spur Industrialization
Water Transportation
Robert Fulton builds first steamboat, the Clermont, in 1807
England’s water transport improved by system of canals
Road Transportation
British roads are improved; companies operate them as toll roads

18. Inventions Spur Industrialization
Steam-Driven Locomotives
In 1804, Richard Trevithick builds first steam-driven locomotive
In 1825, George Stephenson builds world’s first railroad line
The Liverpool-Manchester Railroad
Entrepreneurs build railroad from Liverpool to Manchester
Stephenson’s Rocket acknowledged as best locomotive (1829)
Railroads Revolutionize Life in Britain
Railroads spur industrial growth, create jobs
Cheaper transportation move goods to market faster & more efficiently boosts many industries; people move to cities