1. Adjectival/Adverbial Phrase
ENGL 341

2. OVERVIEW OF LAST WEEK A summary of NP: A review of exercises
The structure/internal components/constituents
The determiner
The pre/modifier
The head
The post-modifier
A review of exercises

3. ADJECTIVAL PHRASE Composed potentially of 3 structural elements:
The head
Modifier (m)
Post-head (post-modifier /complement)
This gives us the ff structure:
M + H + Post-mod + C
Very + good + enough + at tennis (m h post-m c)
Extremely fond of you (m h c)
Very thoughtful of you
Very glad that you came
Happy indeed
Honest enough
The AdjP no matter how many words form its constituents, can be replaced by a single adjective (example )

4. Besides it can stand on its own
The head of AdjP is always an adjective which is indispensible in the AdjP.
Besides it can stand on its own
In most cases the head functions as a modifier in an NP
A very big house
An interesting story
Bad news
The pre-modifiers in the AdjP are usually DEGREE ADVERBS – very, quite, extremely, considerably, hardly, etc
Items that can come after the head (post-head) are post-modifiers (good indeed, sorry enough) and complements
The difference between a post-modifier and a complement is that the complement is controlled by the head whereas the post-modifier is not

5. Post-modifiers: the intensifiers - indeed/enough
Interesting indeed
Sorrowful indeed
Large/big enough
Complements:
Finite clauses:
We are proud that you mad it
They are certain that he took it
We are angry that you shouted at us
He is sad that you are leaving
Non-finite clauses:
You are clever to have made an A
He is eager to do it
we are sorry to hear about the accident
He is not willing to see you
The water is not safe to drink
Adjectives that take non-finite clauses (kind, clever, bound, likely, foolish

6. Complements: Degree complements: Prepositional phrase complements:
Angry about the disappointment
Concerned about our well-being
Alarmed at the new
Hurt by his remarks
Full of vitality
Kind of you
Opposed to new things
Fed up with the class
Degree complements:
More friendly than Kofi
Easier than we thought
Less endowed than Frank
The smartest in the class
The most famous of his peers

7. ADVERBIAL PHRASES Composed potentially of 3 element:
A head (H)
The pre-modifier
The post-head: either a post-modifier or a complement
The head is always realised by an ADVERB, which is the most important element in the group
He arrived early
We nearly forgot about you
The pre-modifiers in the AdvP are usually realised by DEGREE ADVERBS – very, quite, extremely, considerably, hardly, etc
Items that can come after the head (post-head) are post-modifiers (fast indeed, spoken humbly enough) and complements
AdvP modify verbs, function as adjuncts and as complements

8. Examples of AdvP: More gently More gently than necessary (mhc)
Too quickly
Extremely slowly
Far away from enlightenment (mhc)
There in the afternoon (hpost-m)

9. Post-head Post-modifiers: intensifying adverbs (enough/indeed)
Fast enough
Quickly indeed
Greatly indeed
Luckily enough
Splendidly indeed
Complements: unlike AdjPs which can be complemented by a number of elements, AdvPs are complemented minimally by ff:
The item else
Where else when else how else
Why else

10. Complements of comparison and excess
He entered more boldly than his friends
He teaches less often on Sat than on Mondays
He came earlier than usual
Prepositional complements
A few adjectives can take prepositional complements:
Similarly to independently of, separately from, differently from
ASSIGNMENT
Determine when the items (today, tomorrow, yesterday) are nouns and when they are adverbs with examples.