Job Safety / Hazard Analysis

Job Safety / Hazard Analysis
Ohio BWC Job Safety / Hazard Analysis Gary Peacock Industrial Safety Consultant

COURSE OBJECTIVES Introduce Job Hazard Analysis .
Introduce Some Basic Skills in the Recognition & Control of Occupational Hazards. Introduce Job Hazard Analysis Techniques. 3 3 3 3

Job Safety Analysis What is it?
Process of studying and recording each step of a job, identifying existing or potential hazards, and determining the best way to perform the job to reduce or eliminate the hazards.

JSA JSA is used to determine:
Physical, procedural, and/or environmental based hazards that do or could exist Actions of personnel which could result in accidents or injuries Measures to be implemented which will eliminate or control hazards so the job can be performed safely

Elements of JSA Four basic steps: Selecting jobs for analysis
Breaking each selected job into steps Identify the hazards associated with each step Eliminate or correct the hazards

JSA Benefits Prevention/reduction of hazards in the performance of your job Prevention/reduction of occurrences of accidents Improvements in job performance Coordinates with PPE selection, Ergonomic assessments, complying with ADA Standardizes work procedures

More Benefits Employee training
Identify jobs for return to work program Employee orientation Job reviews Document corrections and improvements Safety Audits Accident Investigations

OSHA Requirements General Duty Clause 5(a)(1)
Many OSHA Standards require hazard analysis: EAP Hazcom PPE LOTO

When Should JSA Be Created
JSA should be performed when: Job does not currently have JSA New job is created When accident or near miss occurs When employee has concern

Members of JSA Team No single method Typical members: Safety manager
Safety team members Employees Supervisors Human Resources Engineering

Employee Involvement Reasons for involving employees: Familiarity
Identify hazards not observable Avoids alienation Gains “buy-in” for necessary changes

Employee Involvement Discuss process with employees performing the job and explain purpose Involve employee in all phases after job selection Higher success rates More effective JSA results

Resistance Departmental managers may not fully cooperate because:
Process seen as a disruption to their work area Employee involvement detrimental to productivity Overcome by communicating benefits of JSA and involving management members in the process

Approaches to JSA Observation Method Discussion Method

Preferred Method Observation Method
Directly observe the job task, to evaluate each step and understand the hazards involved. Ask questions of the operators and draw upon their knowledge of established procedures, problems, and difficult areas Preferred Method

Secondary Method Discussion Method
Requires getting people together who have knowledge of the job and discuss a particular job task. Job analysis is not done at the site of the job. Some points could be missed. Secondary Method

JSA Video

What is a Job?

What is a Job? A JOB is a description of a function in the company
Supervisor; Assembler; Material Handler Each job is made up of TASKS.

Examples of Tasks TASK – sequence of steps or activities that together accomplish a goal. Hanging a door Unloading drums from truck with forklift Filling cans on an assembly line Machining parts in a mill

Step 1: Selecting Jobs for JSA
High risk jobs first Indicators used to select jobs: Frequency Severity Potential Severity

Materials to Aid in Job Selection
Accident reports OSHA logs Workers’ Compensation claims

Step 2: Job Task Breakdown
List each step of the job in order of occurrence as you watch the employee perform the job. Don’t break the job down into steps so small as to be meaningless or too broad that something is missed.

Tools and equipment Video camera Digital Camera Tape recorder Notebook
Employee Interview Supervisor Interview

Planting A Tree (example 1)
Dig hole. Insert tree. Backfill planting. What’s wrong with this?

Pick up shovel Position shovel Put foot on shovel Push shovel with foot. Etc. What’s wrong with this?

Bring tools Dig hole Prepare hole Position tree in hole Backfill, tamp, and water Brace tree Return tools

Rule of Thumb Most jobs will separate into basic steps, although some will have fewer and some may have more.

Employee Interviews Conduct interview near work area
Explain only looking for facts Ask open ended questions Ask employee to write down job steps Thank person for helping

Information Review Using information gathered, including employee interview, review and revise job steps as necessary to accurately reflect current performance of job.

Step 3: Identifying Hazards
Recorded steps must be examined to determine hazards that exist or might occur. Identification of hazards should include the hazards associated with: machines, tools, supplies, job procedures, and the surroundings

Hazard Types Contact by or against objects.
Caught in or between objects Falls same level. Falls elevation. Overexertion. Environmental exposure

Additional Training Do JSA Team Members need additional training in hazard recognition? Know difference between physical and health hazards? Understand basic electrical principles? Understand hazards of extreme hot or cold environments?

Step 4: Controls After hazards or potential hazards have been listed and reviewed, the next step is eliminate the hazards, or reduce the hazards.

Controls Substitution Job Redesign Engineering Revisions
Procedural Revisions Personal Protective Equipment Training Administration Controls

Hierarchy of Hazard Correction
Use Engineering controls where feasible and appropriate Use Administrative controls, such as reducing the duration of exposure.

Hierarchy of Hazard Correction
Use Procedures for safe work which are understood and followed by all parties, as a result of training, positive reinforcement, correction of unsafe performance, and enforcement through a clearly communicated disciplinary system Use Personal Protective Equipment

Reviewing/Revising JSAs
JSA are only effective if they are reviewed and updated periodically. Trigger points: When accidents occur When the job process changes After near misses Employee complaint Equipment suffers damage Periodic Reviews

Conclusion The process of JSA can be applied to any job in any workplace, to improve work procedures and make jobs safer and easier to perform. The goal of this process is to educate everyone by getting them involved in identifying hazards and developing controls to keep everyone safe.

GENERAL PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS
ALL EMPLOYERS MUST: JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS PROGRAM REVIEW JOB SPECIFIC HAZARDS CONDUCT HAZARD ASSESSMENTS INSTITUTE SAFE WORK PRACTICES ENSURE PPE IS NOT DAMAGED OR DEFECTIVE CERTIFY THAT ASSESSMENTS HAVE BEEN DONE PROVIDE TRAINING TO ALL REQUIRED EMPLOYEES INSTALL ENGINEERING CONTROLS WHERE POSSIBLE INSTITUTE ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS WHERE POSSIBLE ASSESS AND ISSUE PPE TO CONTROL HAZARDS AS A LAST RESORT 10 10 10 10

TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
THE EMPLOYER MUST PROVIDE TRAINING: THE USE OF EQUIPMENT. WHEN PPE IS NECESSARY. WHAT PPE IS NECESSARY. THE LIMITATIONS OF THE PPE. PROVIDE RETRAINING AS REQUIRED. CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF EQUIPMENT. TRAIN ALL EMPLOYEES PRIOR TO JOB ASSIGNMENT. JOB HAZARD SAFETY 11 11 11 11

RETRAINING REQUIREMENTS
REQUIRED WHEN THERE IS A: CLOSE-CALL EVENT PROGRAM RELATED INJURY CHANGE IN JOB ASSIGNMENT NEW HAZARD OR EQUIPMENT NEW HAZARD CONTROL METHODS FAILURE IN THE SAFETY PROCEDURES REASON TO DOUBT EMPLOYEE PROFICIENCY JOB HAZARD SAFETY 12 12 12 12

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
RECOGNITION Jobs having a high degree of risk. Jobs having a high rotation of employees. Jobs having a high “close-call” incidence. Jobs having had recent operational changes. A determination of jobs needing improvement. New jobs having little or no statistical injury data. Jobs where new equipment or processes are in use. 16 16 16 16

INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE CONTROLS
þ ENGINEERING CONTROLS à FIRST CHOICE ü Work Station Design ü Tool Selection and Design ü Process Modification ü Mechanical Assist þ ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS à SECOND CHOICE ü Training Programs ü Job Rotation/Enlargement ü Pacing ü Policy and Procedures þ PERSONNEL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT à LAST CHOICE ü Gloves ü Wraps ü Shields ü Eye Protection ü Non-Slip Shoes ü Aprons 28 28 28 28

WORKSITE ANALYSIS WORKSITE ANALYSIS IS DIVIDED INTO FOUR MAIN PARTS:
1. Gathering information from available sources. 2. Conducting baseline screening surveys to determine which jobs need a closer analysis. 3. Performing job hazard analyses of those work stations with identified risk factors. 4. After implementing control measures, conducting periodic surveys and follow-up to evaluate changes. 29 29 29 29

WORKSITE ANALYSIS TANGIBLE INDICATORS: Accident Records
Continued TANGIBLE INDICATORS: Accident Records Production Records Personnel Records Employee Surveys SAFETY STATISTICS 30 30 30 30

WHAT TANGIBLE INDICATORS WOULD BE MOST USEFUL TO YOU?
WORKSITE ANALYSIS Continued WHAT TANGIBLE INDICATORS WOULD BE MOST USEFUL TO YOU? 31 31 31 31

JOB RISK FACTORS PERSONAL RISK FACTORS AFFECTING THE JOB 1. Age
2. Gender 3. Attitude 4. Training 5. Strength 6. Work method 7. Loose clothing 9. Anthropometry 10. Loose or long hair 11. Hearing deficiencies 32 32 32 32

JOB RISK FACTORS JOB RISK FACTORS Weight of load Location/size of load
Continued JOB RISK FACTORS Weight of load Location/size of load Frequency of the Task Duration and pace of cycle Stability of load Coupling of load Travel distances of worker Reach distances of worker Symmetry between worker and the object held 33 33 33 33

JOB RISK FACTORS JOB RISK FACTORS Static work posture a) Standing
Continued JOB RISK FACTORS Static work posture a) Standing b) Sitting Work platforms or stairs Torso flexion (bending) a) Mild (up to 45 degrees) b) Severe (greater than 45 degrees) Work heights (too high or too low) Floor surfaces (wet, smooth, vibration) 34 34 34 34

JOB RISK FACTORS JOB RISK FACTORS Noise/vibration
Continued JOB RISK FACTORS Noise/vibration a) Frequency very important b) Can amplify through the body Environment a) Hot (sweat, reduced grip, fatigue) b) Cold (gloves reduce grip by as much as 30%) Lighting a) posture problems (because of inability to see) 35 35 35 35

JOB RISK FACTORS JOB RISK FACTORS Trip hazards Confined spaces
Continued JOB RISK FACTORS Trip hazards Confined spaces Electrical hazards Inadequate ventilation Lockout tagout requirements Machine guarding requirements Motorized vehicles (forklifts, etc.) Oxygen deficiency or enrichment Hazards associated with “Hotwork” Inappropriate personal protective equipment 36 36 36 36

JOB RISK FACTORS JOB RISK FACTORS Fall hazards Mechanical hazards
Continued JOB RISK FACTORS Fall hazards Mechanical hazards Engulfment hazards Respiratory hazards Flammable gases or vapors Airborne combustible dusts 37 37 37 37

JOB RISK FACTORS Continued WHAT OTHER RISK FACTORS CAN YOU THINK OF THAT ARE ASSOCIATED WITH YOUR WORKPLACE? 38 38 38 38

JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS UNIT LOADS: DEFINED AS:
The unit to be moved or handled at any one time. THE CONTAINER, CARRIER, OR SUPPORT USED TO MOVE MATERIALS MUST BE INCLUDED AS PART OF THE UNIT LOAD. 39 39 39 39

JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS FACTORS AFFECTING UNIT LOADS Continued
THE MATERIAL TO BE UTILIZED THE QUANTITY OF MATERIAL TO BE HANDLED THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE MATERIAL TO DAMAGE THE NUMBER OF TIMES THE UNIT LOAD IS HANDLED THE RECEIVING, STORING, SHIPPING, AND HANDLING METHODS THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS TO WHICH THE LOAD IS EXPOSED 40 40 40 40

JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS DESIGNING THE UNIT LOAD
Continued DESIGNING THE UNIT LOAD OPTIMIZE THE WEIGHT OF THE LOAD INSURE STABILITY OF THE LOAD REDUCE THE SIZE OF THE LOAD OPTIMIZE LOAD COUPLING - HAND TO LOAD - FOOT TO FLOOR 41 41 41 41

JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS “CYCLE” DEFINITION OF TERMS: Example:
Continued DEFINITION OF TERMS: The time required to complete one sequence of tasks sub-tasks, or elements. “CYCLE” Example: 1. Assemble new box 2. Put bottles in box from conveyor 3. Stack boxes on pallet 4. Go to step 1 43 43 43 43

JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS CONDUCTING THE JHA IDENTIFY THE JOB TO STUDY
Continued CONDUCTING THE JHA IDENTIFY THE JOB TO STUDY COLLECT THE DATA EVALUATE THE DATA FORMULATE CONTROL MEASURES 44 44 44 44

IDENTIFYING THE JOB TO STUDY
JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS Continued IDENTIFYING THE JOB TO STUDY CLOSE-CALLS ACCIDENT STATISTICS ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS HIGH EMPLOYEE TURNOVER JOBS COMPLAINTS & OPERATOR FEEDBACK PRODUCTION BOTTLENECKS, HIGH ERRORS 45 45 45 45

JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS COLLECTING THE DATA JHA ASSESSMENT FORMS
Continued COLLECTING THE DATA JHA ASSESSMENT FORMS DIRECT OBSERVATION VIDEO TAPE ACTION PHOTOGRAPHS DOCUMENTARY ACCOUNTS ACCIDENT STATISTICS 46 46 46 46

JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS EVALUATING THE DATA TASK DESCRIPTION
Continued EVALUATING THE DATA TASK DESCRIPTION SUB-TASK DESCRIPTION RISK FACTOR/HAZARD IDENTIFICATION 47 47 47 47

FORMULATING CONTROL MEASURES
JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS Continued FORMULATING CONTROL MEASURES ELIMINATE OR REDUCE EXPOSURE ENGINEERING CONTROL MEASURES ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL MEASURES APPLICATION OF SAFE WORK PRINCIPLES PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 48 48 48 48

JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS FORM
JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS Continued JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS FORM STEP - Action Being Performed HAZARD - Description of potential Injury CAUSE - Probable cause of potential injury PREVENTION - Prevention control measure 49 49 49 49

JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS
Continued JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS JOB TITLE - Action Being Performed LEFT HAND - How is it Used RIGHT HAND - How is it Used FREQUENCY - Usually times per minute NOTES - Supporting information POSTURE - Acceptable to extreme FORCE - High, Medium, Low - Quantifiable amount DURATION - Length of Stressor 50 50 50 50

STEPS IN CONDUCTING JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS
JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS Continued STEPS IN CONDUCTING JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS STEP 1 - DETERMINE GENERAL CONDITIONS OF JOB STEP 2 - BREAK DOWN THE JOB STEP 3 - IDENTIFY THE HAZARDS STEP 4 - EVALUATE THE HAZARDS STEP 5 - RECOMMEND PROTECTIVE MEASURES STEP 6 - REVISE THE JHA AS NECESSARY 51 51 51 51

JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS STEP 1 - DETERMINING GENERAL CONDITIONS OF JOB
Continued STEP 1 - DETERMINING GENERAL CONDITIONS OF JOB SET THE EMPLOYEE TO BE OBSERVED AT EASE. POINT OUT THAT YOU ARE STUDYING THE JOB NOT PERFORMANCE! INVOLVE THE EMPLOYEE IN THE ANALYSIS. SPEAK WITH CO-WORKERS. DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF THE JOB ON CO-WORKERS. REVIEW ANTICIPATED RISK FACTORS REVIEW GENERAL CONDITIONS FOR PERFORMING JOB. 52 52 52 52

JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS STEP 2 - BREAKING DOWN THE JOB
Continued STEP 2 - BREAKING DOWN THE JOB LIST EACH STEP IN ORDER OF OCCURRENCE. RECORD EACH STEP OF JOB ACTION. GO OVER THE STEPS WITH THE EMPLOYEE. FINALIZE THE STEPS INVOLVED. 53 53 53 53

JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS STEP 3 - IDENTIFYING THE HAZARDS
Continued STEP 3 - IDENTIFYING THE HAZARDS EXAMINE EACH STEP TO DETERMINE EXISTING HAZARDS. ASK THESE KINDS OF (WHO & WHAT) QUESTIONS: CAN CLOTHING OR JEWELRY GET CAUGHT? WHAT FIXED OBJECTS COULD CAUSE PUNCTURES? WHAT COULD THE WORKER GET CAUGHT “BETWEEN”? WHAT CAN THE WORKER GET CAUGHT IN, REACHING OVER, UNDER, AROUND OR THROUGH ETC.? IS THE WORKER OFF-BALANCE AT ANY TIME? 54 54 54 54

JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS STEP 3 - IDENTIFYING THE HAZARDS
Continued STEP 3 - IDENTIFYING THE HAZARDS (Continued) ASK THESE KINDS OF (WHO & WHAT) QUESTIONS: IS THE WORKER POSITIONED DANGEROUSLY? WHAT REPETITIVE MOTION INJURIES ARE LIKELY? WHAT MOVING PARTS COULD STRIKE THE WORKER? CAN THE WORKER FALL FROM ONE LEVEL TO ANOTHER? CAN THE WORKER BE INJURED FROM CARRYING HEAVY OBJECTS? WHAT ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS EXIST? 55 55 55 55

JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS STEP 4 - EVALUATING THE HAZARDS
Continued STEP 4 - EVALUATING THE HAZARDS ASK THESE KINDS OF (WHY & HOW) QUESTIONS: WHY ISN’T PPE SERVICEABLE? WHY IS PPE IMPROPERLY WORN? WHY DOESN’T PPE FIT PROPERLY? HOW CAN LOCKOUT PROCEDURES BE IMPROVED? WHAT CAUSES THE WORKER TO CONTACT SHARPS? WHY HAS PROPER TRAINING NOT BEEN CONDUCTED? HOW CAN THE FLOW OF WORK BE ORGANIZED BETTER? 56 56 56 56

JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS STEP 5 - RECOMMENDING PROTECTIVE MEASURES
Continued STEP 5 - RECOMMENDING PROTECTIVE MEASURES DETERMINE IF THE JOB COULD BE PERFORMED IN ANOTHER WAY TO REDUCE THE HAZARDS. LIST EACH SAFER JOB STEP OR PROTECTIVE MEASURE. BE SPECIFIC! IF JOB HAZARDS ARE STILL PRESENT: REDUCE NECESSITY. REDUCE FREQUENCY. CONSIDER JOB ROTATION. CONSIDER JOB ENLARGEMENT. 57 57 57 57

STEPS IN CONDUCTING JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS
JOB AND TASK ANALYSIS Continued STEPS IN CONDUCTING JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS STEP 6 - REVISING THE JHA JHA’S MUST BE REVIEWED & REVISED PERIODICALLY. REPEAT JHA’S CAN CATCH HAZARDS ON THE SECOND LOOK. IF AN INJURY OR CLOSE-CALL OCCURS REDO THE JHA. RETRAINING SHOULD FOLLOW EACH JHA. 58 58 58 58

JOB DESIGN GOOD JOB DESIGN REDUCES AVOIDS ABATES
Discomfort, Fatigue, Aches & Pains Injuries & Illnesses, Work Restrictions AVOIDS Absenteeism, Turnover, Complaints, Poor Performance, Poor Vigilance ABATES Accidents, Production Problems, Poor Quality, Scrap/Rework 59 59 59 59

JOB DESIGN GOOD JOB DESIGN EMPLOYEE: PREVENTS EMPLOYER: PREVENTS
Continued GOOD JOB DESIGN EMPLOYEE: PREVENTS Economic Loss, Loss in Earning Power, Loss in Quality of Life, Pain & Suffering EMPLOYER: PREVENTS Economic Loss, Loss in Expertise, Compensation Costs, Damaged Goods & Equipment 60 60 60 60

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
WORK STATION DESIGN DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS Design for the Range-of-Motion of the Worker Design for Assessability Design for the Field of Vision of the Worker Design out Extreme Ranges-of-Motion Reduce Force in Job Accomplishment Reduce the Frequency of Motions Required Reduce the Duration of a Specific Task Design to Provide Adequate Support to Back, and Legs 61 61 61 61

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
WORK STATION DESIGN Continued DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS Incorporate Adjustable Work Surfaces Design Delivery Bins to Accommodate Various Heights Design Delivery Bins to Accommodate Various Reaches Design Work Platforms with Ranges-of-Movement Incorporate the use of Mechanical or Powered Assists Incorporate the use of Suspension Devices for Tools Incorporate the use of Floor mats to Reduce Leg Trauma Incorporate the use of Guards wherever possible 62 62 62 62

WORK STATION DESIGN THE BOTTOM LINE DO NOT DESIGN FOR THE AVERAGE!
Continued THE BOTTOM LINE DO NOT DESIGN FOR THE AVERAGE! DO NOT DESIGN FOR YOURSELF! THE LARGE MUST BE ABLE TO FIT! THE SMALL MUST BE ABLE TO REACH! DESIGN FOR A RANGE! DESIGN FOR ADJUSTABILITY! DESIGN FOR PROTECTION! 63 63 63 63

WHAT ADDITIONAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS CAN YOU THINK OF
WORK STATION DESIGN Continued WHAT ADDITIONAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS CAN YOU THINK OF FOR WORK STATIONS? 64 64 64 64

TOOL DESIGN AND SELECTION
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS Consider the Gender and Age of Users. The Specific Use of the Tool Is Critical. Contact Manufactures for Their Assistance. Make Informed Decisions Before You Buy. Don’t be Fooled by Misleading Advertising. Any Other (than its intended) Use, Negates Possibly All Safety Benefits and May Prove to be Detrimental to a Safe Tool Selection Process. 65 65 65 65

Continued CONSIDERATIONS STRAIGHT WRIST FIRM GRIP WEIGHT SAFE BALANCE VIBRATION TORQUE PINCHPOINTS 66 66 66 66

Continued TOOLS COME IN ENDLESS VARIETY, THE NEXT FEW SLIDES PROVIDE SOME CONSIDERATIONS TO THINK ABOUT. 67 67 67 67

Continued HANDLE CONSIDERATIONS CRITERIA CONSIDERATION DIAMETER - AVOID ONE SIZE FITS ALL HAND FIT - AVOID GROOVES AND CONTOURS THAT CAUSE PRESSURE POINTS HANDLE - NON-CONDUCTIVE MATERIAL - TEXTURED TO AVOID SLIP OR TWIST - CONSIDER THICKNESS 68 68 68 68

Continued HANDLE CONSIDERATIONS CRITERIA CONSIDERATION ORIENTATION - ACCOMMODATES STRAIGHT WRIST? SPAN - NOT TOO LARGE TO GRASP EASILY? GRIP STRENGTH - CONSIDER POWERED TOOLS WHEN OPERATOR HAS DIFFICULTY WITH FORCES OR HIGH REPETITION! 69 69 69 69

Continued GUARDING CONSIDERATIONS CRITERIA CONSIDERATION PINCHPOINTS - PINCH AND NIP POINTS COVERED? - STOPPER TO AVOID CLOSING FINGERS? EXHAUST - POINTED AWAY FROM HAND AND BODY? 70 70 70 70

Continued FREE HAND CONSIDERATIONS CRITERIA CONSIDERATION FREE HAND USE - JIGS AND FIXTURES TO HOLD WORK - FIXTURES CAN EVEN HOLD TOOL 71 71 71 71

Continued STORAGE OF TOOL BETWEEN CYCLES CRITERIA CONSIDERATION BETWEEN CYCLES - SUSPEND IF FREQUENTLY GRASPED OR RELEASED - CONSIDER WORKSTATION OR WAIST MOUNTED HOLSTERS 72 72 72 72

Continued POWER TOOLS CRITERIA CONSIDERATION CENTER OF SHOULD BE NEAR FIST GRAVITY AVOID NOSE-HEAVY TOOLS WEIGHT SUPPORT OR COUNTERBALANCE IF OVER TWO POUNDS TRIGGER LOCATION - PLACED WITH GRIP SO DIGITS DON’T HAVE TO REACH 73 73 73 73

Continued POWER TOOLS CRITERIA CONSIDERATION TRIGGER LOCATION - PLACED WITH GRIP SO DIGITS DON’T HAVE TO REACH TRIGGER TENSION - LIGHT ENOUGH TO AVOID FATIGUE, HEAVY ENOUGH TO AVOID ACCIDENTAL ACTIVATION TRIGGER SIZE - PREFERABLY LARGE ENOUGH TO SPAN MULTIPLE FINGERS 74 74 74 74

Continued POWER TOOLS CRITERIA CONSIDERATION TORQUE REACTION - MANUAL STOP OR REACTION BAR CLUTCH OPTIONS RATCHET - STALL MAINTENANCE - UPKEEP AND REPAIR AVOIDS VIBRATION 75 75 75 75

Continued POWER TOOLS CRITERIA CONSIDERATION POWER TORQUE AND SPEED SHOULD BE ADEQUATE TO MATCH FASTENING REQUIREMENTS HOSE CONNECTION - SWIVEL CONNECTION REDUCES “MOMENT” CREATED BY DANGLING HOSE 76 76 76 76

JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS Summary

Job Safety Analysis The breaking down into its component parts of any method or procedure to determine the hazards connected with each key step and the requirements for performing it safely.

Job Safety Analysis Priorities
New Jobs Severity Potential History of Disabling Injuries Frequency of Accidents

Job Safety Analysis Job means “task”
(Changing a tire not auto mechanic) “key” steps too detailed becomes cumbersome not enough detail becomes useless

Break job down into key steps
AVOID making the breakdown so detailed That an unnecessarily large number of steps results making the job breakdown so general that basic steps are not recorded

Job Safety Analysis “Changing a Flat Tire on an Automobile”
Group Activity Job Safety Analysis “Changing a Flat Tire on an Automobile”

Key Steps (TOO MANY) Changing a Flat Tire
Pull off road Put car in “park” Set brake Activate emergency flashers Open door Get out of car Walk to trunk Put key in lock Open trunk Remove jack Remove Spare tire

Key Steps (NOT ENOUGH) Changing a Flat Tire
Park car take off flat tire put on spare tire drive away

Key Job Steps JUST RIGHT Changing a Flat tire
Park car, set brake remove jack & tire from trunk loosen lug nuts jack up car remove tire set new tire jack down car tighten lug nuts store tire & jack

Hazards Parking Car Removing tire & jack Loosen lug nuts
Struck by Traffic Removing tire & jack Back Strain bang head on trunk Loosen lug nuts back/arm strain slip & fall Jacking up car car could fall off jack Setting new tire fingers pinched back strain Tighten nuts slip & fall

Work Observation Select experienced worker(s) who will cooperate and participate in the JSA process. Explain purpose of JSA. Observe the employee performing the job and write down basic steps. Completely describe each step. Note deviations (Very Important!)

Identify Hazards and Potential Accidents
Search for Hazards Produced by Work Produced by Environment Repeat job observation as many times as necessary to identify all hazards

Develop Solutions Find a new way to do job
Change physical conditions that create hazards Change the work procedure Reduce frequency

New way to do job Determine the work goal of the job, and then analyze the various ways of reaching this goal to see which way is safest. Consider work saving tools and equipment.

Change in physical conditions
Tools, materials, equipment layout or location Study change carefully for other benefits (costs, time savings)

Change in work procedures
What should the worker do to eliminate the hazard How should it be done? Document changes in detail

Reduce frequency What can be done to reduce the frequency of the job??
Identify parts that cause frequent repairs - change Reduce vibration save machine parts

What effects?? A job that has been redesigned may affect other jobs or work processes. Check or re-observe the new process once it has been redesigned

Job Safety Analysis

Job Safety / Hazard Analysis

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Job Safety / Hazard Analysis"— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback

Log in

Auth with social network:

Job Safety / Hazard Analysis

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Job Safety / Hazard Analysis"— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback