1. Internal Structure of City
Urban Land Use Pattern

2. Types of Land Use There are different types of land use such as
Commercial land use
Residential land use
Industrial land use
Institutional land use
Transportation land use
Recreational land use

6. Functional Segregation
Similar activities tend to aggregate together because of
Similar locational requirements and
External economies of scale
different types activities are separated from each other because
Different locational requirements
Different rent-paying ability
Conflicts amongst them

7. Bid Rent Mechanism
Land rent decreases with increasing distance from city centre
competition for land and accessibility push up the land value/rent
different land use has different rent curve
because they have different demand for accessibility and space

8. Commercial land use
needs large number of people to support their business
Greater market threshold
highest demand for accessibility
require less space
Can afford higher rent

9. Residential land use Accessibility is not important
require more space (especially high class residential area)
cannot afford high rent

10. Industrial land use Accessibility is not very important
require large area of space
cannot afford high unit rent
There is great difference between light and heavy industry

11. Bid Rent Curve commercial industrial residential Rent ($/m2)
City centre
Distance (km)

12. Bid Rent Curve commercial industrial residential Rent ($/m2)
City centre
Distance (km)
residential

13. Demand for Space
High order retailing business locates nearer to _______________ comparing with wholesaling business because it can afford higher rent and occupies ____________ space.
High class residential area locates ____________________ city centre so as to get more space.
Heavy industries locate in suburban because ____________________ is needed.

14. Concentric Model C.B.D. Transition Zone Low class residential
Commuter’s zone
Transition Zone
Middle class residential
Low class residential

16. Industrial area can be found along the __________and __________because
river
railway

17. Low class residential areas are located next to ___________and ___________________ because
C.B.D.
industrial area

18. sea shore
the Governor’s house
High class residential area can also be found next to _________ and _______________________ because It is also be located away from __________________ because
industrial area

19. Mutual Relationship between Different Types of Land Use
Some land uses are mutually exclusive
Some land uses are mutually support
This will lead to segregation and aggregation of land uses

20. Impact of transport network
Industrial area
Middle class residential area
Low class residential area
High class residential area

21. Multiple Nuclei Model

22. Harris & Ullman
Multiple nuclei Model
Burgess
Concentric Model
Hoyt
Sectoral Model

24. Other Factors Government planning Physical factors e.g. Relief
New town planning
Land use zoning
Urban renewal
Physical factors e.g. Relief
Historical factors
Behavioural factors

26. Central Business District(C. B. D
Central Business District(C.B.D.) is located at __________ of the city.
Since the C.B.D. is near to the docks and harbour, it is believed that the early function of the city was ____.
The rise of regional centres because
heart
port

27. At some junction of arterial / major transport routes
Relatively high accessibility
Especially accessible to the local population
Reach the market threshold of some middle order goods / services

28. Hierarchy of Business Centre
C.B.D.
Regional business centres
Community business centres

29. Rent
Distance
Rent
Distance
regional function
community function

30. If the level of accessibility of the street junction deteriorates as a result of urban blight, how would the bid-rent curves and land use pattern be affected?
Rent
Distance

31. Main road
Higher accessibility
Side street

32. Example Regional centre Community Centre Mong Kok, Causeway Bay
Neighbourhood Centre
Mong Kok, Causeway Bay
Shun Lee Shopping centre
Shun On Shopping centre

33. specialized functional commercial areas
External economies of scale /
Agglomeration benefits
Reputation
Similar requirements
Ancillary services
e.g. Golden Shopping Centre

34. highway-oriented shopping ribbons

35. Harris & Ullman
Multiple nuclei Model
Burgess
Concentric Model
Hoyt
Sectoral Model

36. Vertical Zonation Zone B Zone C Zone A City centre
Floor
City centre
Distance from city centre
Dentist
Jewelry
Airline
Solicitor
Accountant
Doctor
Trading
Shipping
Audit firm
Fitness
Boutique
Fast food
Residential
Supermarket
Chinese Herb
Labour union
Travel agent
Zone A
Zone B
Zone C

37. Zone A is
Zone B is
Zone C is
Central Business District
Mixed land use zone
Residential area

38. Central Business District

39. Characteristics of CBD
heart of city
focus of major transport routes
highest accessibility
limited space
keen competition of land use
highest rent
tall buildings
modern buildings
high order retailing business
airline companies
traffic congestion
vertical zonation
Central District
Tsim Sha Tsui

40. Mixed land use Urban decay slum / poor living environment
lack of open space
traffic congestion
Pollution
hawkers
poor sanitation
high crime rate

41. Mixed land use Lower buildings
vertical zonation - commercial land use occupies the lower floors
residential land use occupies the upper floors
higher order shops are located at main streets; lower order shops are located at side-streets
factories and workshops are found in back street

42. Urban Population Density
City Centre
Distance

43. Change of Population Density over time
City Centre
Population Density
Distance
Urban expansion

44. Comparison

45. Western Vs Non-western Cities
Suburbanization counter-urbanization
Rural-urban migration influx of population
Good transport network
Poor tarnsportation development
Good economic development
Poor economic development
Well-developed C.B.D.
Limited high order business

46. Urban sprawl, suburbanization, counter-urbanization
Urban push
Rural pull