1. BELL WORK 04/02/15 Turn in Bell Work
After the end of the Revolutionary War, states
were eager to expand into newly available
territory. The states of New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Virginia argued over
competing claims to land west of the
Appalachian Mountains. This conflict was
addressed by the —
F. Missouri Compromise
G. Wilmot Proviso
H. Northwest Ordinance
J. Kansas-Nebraska Act
Turn in
Bell Work

2. The Civil War

3. About the War
Both sides felt that their cause was just. The south believed that the north was trampling on its rights. They were fighting to preserve the southern way of life.The north felt that the south had no right to leave the union. They fought to preserve the Union.
Each side, though, thought that the war would only last a few weeks at the longest.
In the beginning of the war, abolishing slavery was NOT a goal of the north.

4. They thought it would be over quickly – 90 day enlistments in the North – it lasted 4 years.
North had advantages at the start

5. Reasons for Fighting North To save the Union
To abolish slavery – not an official goal at the start of the war
South
To leave the Union
To keep their way of life, including slavery
The war for Southern Independence

6. Border States 7 states seceded in 1860
4 more quickly joined – Virginia, N. Carolina, Tennessee & Arkansas
4 slave states stayed in the Union – Maryland, Kentucky, Delaware & Missouri – not universally supported – attacks on troops – martial law in Maryland

7. Dividing the Nation

8. North & South

9. Northern strengths & weaknesses
large population - food production & military service.
most of the nation’s factories.
strong navy and a large fleet of merchant ships.
had to conquer a huge area.
invading unfamiliar land.
Long Union supply lines

10. Southern strengths & weaknesses
a strong reason to fight.
knew the southern countryside.
Southern civilians helped the Confederate forces.
few factories
few networked railroads
The Confederate constitution favored states’ rights and limited the central government. -difficult to get things done.
small population compared to the North. few ships.

11. The War’s Leaders Jefferson Davis
Confederate President
attended the U.S. Military Academy at West Point
was an officer in the Mexican War
was Secretary of War under President Franklin Pierce
was respected for his honesty and courage

12. The War’s Leaders Abraham Lincoln
Union President
limited experience in national politics
no military experience
turned out to be a strong leader and fine war planner
had a sense of humor
could accept criticism

13. Confederate Commander Robert E. Lee
Lincoln had asked him to command the Union army
was loyal to his state of Virginia

14. No Easy Victory

15. No Easy Victory Plan for victory of each side No quick end to the war.
Confederate victories
Union victories

16. Union Plan for Victory
First Plan – The Anaconda Plan – strangle the south into submission by cutting off its supply lines.
This plan was ambitious but would be slow. It was modified by adding land attacks

17. Union Strategies for Winning
Use the navy to blockade southern ports.
In the East, seize Richmond, the Confederate capital.
In the West, seize control of the Mississippi River.
Prevent use of the river to supply troops
Separate Arkansas, Texas, and Louisiana from the rest of the Confederacy.

18. Confederate Strategies
Fight a defensive war until northerners tired of fighting and gave up. They hoped that the war would become unpopular and Lincoln would have to end it.
Use European money and supplies to help fight the war. They expected Europeans to recognize the Confederacy (but none did).
South is on Defense
North is on Offense

19. No Quick End to the War Battle of Bull Run July 21, 1861
Lincoln sent troops to attack Richmond.
Union and Confederate troops clashed at Bull Run.
Union troops retreated.
Lincoln appoints General George McClellan to be the new commander.
Troops need to be trained
Union commander McDowell is replaced by McClellan

20. No Quick End to the War Richmond March 1862
McClellan trains troops and moved toward Richmond.
Lincoln can’t send more troops south
Union is reluctant to fight
McClellan retreats
He turns out to be too cautious.
Robert E. Lee attacks
Stonewall Jackson goes north to threaten Washington, D.C.

21. Naval Action
Blockade of southern ports becomes effective – trade drops by more than 90%.
Confederates develop an ironclad ship from an abandoned Union warship.

22. Naval Action
Confederates covered the Merrimack, with iron plates and renamed it the Virginia.
It was later sunk when the Union captured Norfolk.
The Union also built an ironclad, the Monitor.
The Virginia and the Monitor fought each other.

23. Battle of Antietam Sept 1862
Hoping for a southern victory on northern soil, Lee marched into Maryland.
McClellan learned of Confederate plans, but was slow to attack.
At last, the two sides met.
Both sides suffered great losses.
87,000 Union forces (12,400 killed or wounded)
45,000 Confederate (10,300 killed or wounded)

24. Battle of Antietam Sept 1862
No clear victory for either side.
Lee retreats- Union claims victory
Because Lee withdrew, northern morale was raised.
Lincoln replaced the cautious McClellan with Ambrose Burnside.

25. Confederate Victories in the East
Battle of Fredericksburg
December 1862
VIDEO

26. Confederate Victories Battle of Fredericksburg December 1862
Lee’s forces met Burnside’s army.
Lee’s forces dug into the crest of a hill.
As Union troops charged, they have to cross an open area & then climb uphill into waiting Confederate forces.
Confederate guns mowed them down.

27. Battle of Fredericksburg December 1862
One of the Union’s worst defeats
Troops Union: 115,000 Confederate: 78,000
Casualties (killed, wounded /missing /captured)): Union: 12,600 Confederate: 5,300

28. Confederate Victories Battle of Chancellorsville May 1863
Lee, aided by Stonewall Jackson, outmaneuvered Union forces in a thickly wooded area.
Lee and Jackson defeated the Union troops in a three-day battle.
Jackson is shot by mistake and dies several days later.

29. Union Victories in the West
February Union troops under Ulysses S. Grant captured two Tennessee forts - Henry & Donelson.
They gain control of two tributaries of the Mississippi.

30. Union Victories in the West
Battle of Shiloh
April 6–7, 1862
2 day battle - General Ulysses S Grant loses ground on day 1
Confederate forces surprise Grant and drive him back toward the river.
With the aid of fresh troops, Grant beat back the Confederates.
The Union wins control of the Tennessee River.
20,000 Casualties
Battle of New Orleans
April 1862
Union gunboats captured New Orleans.
Other ships captured Memphis, Tennessee.
The Union now controlled both ends of the Mississippi and the South can no longer use the river as a supply line.

31. 9. nicknames

32. Choosing Sides Map- Pg 92 Color the Union States Color the Confederate
Color the Border States
Color the states that joined the nation AFTER April 1861
Color the territories
Draw a border line between the CSA and the USA