1. Ainhoa Colet, Marina Griera, Maria Menéndez and Anni Schlueter MODAL VERBS

2. INDEX WHAT ARE MODAL VERBS WHEN DO WE USE MODAL VERBS TYPES EXERCISES

3. WHAT ARE MODAL VERBS? Modal verbs are special verbs which behave very differently from normal verbs. can  could may  might must  ought to shall  should will  would

4. Differences: 1.Modal verbs do not take "-s" in the third person. He can speak Chinese. She should be here by 9:00.

5. 2.You use "not" to make modal verbs negative, even in Simple Present and Simple Past. He should not be late. They might not come to the party.

6. 3.Many modal verbs cannot be used in the past tenses or the future tenses. He will can go with us. Not Correct She musted study very hard. Not Correct

7. WHEN DO WE USE MODAL VERBS?

8. TYPES Obligation and permission Necessity Ability and possibility Assumptions and interpretations Suggesting and advising 1 Suggesting and advising 2 Probability and certainty

9. Obligation and Permission

10. Necessity Need + infinitive with to I need to lose some weight, i will go to the gim. Not need/needn’t Don’t need + infinitive with to OR needn’t + infinitive without to You needn’t apologize, you have done nothing wrong. Will/won’t need + infinitive with to I won’t need to book a ticket in advance. Didn’t need + infinitive with to I didn’t need to ask because I already knew the answer. Needn’t have + past participle I needn’t have worried because in fact everything was fine.

11. Need + -ing/need to be + past participle Your hair needs cutting/ to be cut. There + be+ no need (+ for someone) + infinitive with to There’s no need (for you) to get upset – I’m only joking.

12. Ability -General Ability: something that once you have learned, you can do it any time you want. -Specific Ability: something you can do or not in a particular situation In the present: Can/Can’t General/Specific In the past: Could/Couldn’t:General Couldn’t/Was able to Specific Could + have + Past Participle Ability someone had in the past but didn’t use In the future: Will/Won’t be able toGeneral Can/Can’tSpecific

13. Possibility “The way I see/feel things in the present circumstances, it is possible that (if I have anything to do with it)...could/might/may/can…” The way I feel things in the present circumstances, it is possible that I could win the lottery this weekend The way I see things in the present circumstances, it is possible that, if I have anything to do with it, Barça will be the best football team in the world in 5 years

14. Could and Might: express remoteness of past time, unlikely occurrence and shyness or respect. I could have won the lottery if I had bought the ticket I might win the lottery if I buy a ticket May and Might: express a more personal involvement in the creation of the possibility. I may become rich if i play the lottery I might be able to buy a new house if I play the lottery

15. Assumptions Must: Sure/certain that something is true Used in affirmative sentences You have been practising all day, you must be exhausted Can’t / Couldn’t: Certain that something is not true or real. Used in negative sentences That can’t be my husband, he is in London.

16. Interpretations May, might or could Possible interpretation of a situation, action or event. May (not)/might (not)/could + infinitive withou to [PRESENT SIMPLE] They may be out. May (not)/might (not)/could + continuous infinitive without to [PRESENT CONTINUOUS] He might be joking. May (not)/might (not)/could + perfect infinitive without to [PAST SIMPLE/PRESENT PERFECT] He could have lost my adress. May (not)/might (not)/could + perfect continuous infinitive without to [PAST CONTINUOUS/PRESENT PERFECT CONTIN.] She might not have been earning too much.

17. Suggesting and advising 1 Should/ought to + infinitive (without to) [PRESENT/FUTURE] Should I take the job or not? You ought to tell the truth at all times. Should/ought to + continuous infinitive [PRESENT CONTINUOUS] You should be thinking about your future. I have taken the tablets and I ought to be feeling better, but I still feel bad.

18. Should/ought to + perfect infinitive [PAST SIMPLE/PRESENT PERFECT] You ought to have been more careful. They shouldn’t have lost the match, they were better. Should/ought to + perfect continuous infinitive [PAST CONITNUOUS/PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS] I should have been studying but I was enjoying myself. I ought to have been making more progress than I was. Note: the negative forms of ought to are oughtn’t and ought not, but those are not often used (shouldn’t).

19. Suggesting and advising 2 Suggest, recommend and propose Present verb (that) + second subject + subjunctive/ (should) infinitive without to I suggest (that) you accept the offer. Past verb (that) + second subject + subjunctive/ (should) infinitive without to She proposed (that) they (should) start their own company. Verb + -ing They recommended living there because of the pleasant way of live.

20. Aditional structures with recommend Recommend someone + infinitive with to They recommend you to book early. Recommend someone something (questons only) Could you recommend me a good hotel? Recommend something to someone I wouldn’t recommend this restaurant to anyone, the food was tasteless.

21. Advise and warn Verb + someone (+ not) + infinitive with to I warned you not to trust him. Verb + someone (+ that) + second subject + should + infinitive without to My teacher advised me (that) I should read this book. Verb + someone (+ that) + second subject + reported speech I advised her that it was a bad idea. Verb + someone against + -ing I warned you against trusting him.

22. Probability and certainty To say how sure we are about something that had happened/ is happening or will happen. 1- To talk about the present: must + infinitive might/ might not + infinitive could/ could not + infinitive may/ may not + infinitive can’t + infinitive will/ won’t = he will be at the supermarket buying food should/ shouldn’t = we should be there in 10 minutes it shouldn’t take a long time drive to the station can = whether can be worse in London

23. 2- To talk about the past: might/ might not + have + past participle = she might have worked late could/ couldn’t + have + part participle = he must have written the letter may/ may not + have+ past participle = they may have loosen the bus can’t + have + past participle = she can’t have gone to the party will/ won’t + have + past participle = the train will arrive before now should + have + past participle = the plane should have left by now could + have + past participle = he could have been working late

24. SONG http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmezIIrFQmY

25. ADVICE COLUMNS

26. We (must) thank you for listening