1. Step 1: Memorize IPA - practice quiz today - real quiz on Tuesday (over consonants)!
Phonology is about looking for patterns and arguing your assessment of those patterns (be clear, orderly and logical)
Course calendar may change depending on you
HW1 due Tues 1/17 – practice for Quiz
Quiz 1 is on Tues 1/17; Quiz 2 on Thurs 1/19
About me, you and this course.
Webpage: web.pdx.edu/~connjc

2. International Phonetic Alphabet
Phonetics Review
International Phonetic Alphabet
Sound - symbol correspondence
Transcription
Download IPA font – see class website
Go to Peter Ladefoged’s website:

3. Phonetics Review Transcription International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
Break away from spelling
IPA is one to one sound-symbol correspondence

4. English hen: Broad Narrow [hEn] [hE)n] Phonetics Review Transcription
Broad transcription
Narrow transcription (uses diacritics)
English hen:
Broad Narrow
[hEn] [hE)n]

5. Phonetics Review Anatomy
Oro-nasal process
Phonation process
Articulatory process
The glottis = the space between the vocal folds
voiced, voiceless, whisper, murmur (breathy)
Airstream process
Link for vocal fold video 1 2

6. Phonetics Review
Anatomy

7. Consonant articulation (Places of articulation)
Phonetics Review
Consonant articulation (Places of articulation)
palate (palatal)
velum (velar)
alveolar ridge
uvula (uvular)
lips (labial)
teeth (dental)
places and manner of articulation video

8. Parts of the tongue Consonant articulation
Phonetics Review
Parts of the tongue
Consonant articulation
blade
center
back
tip
front
root
epiglottis (not tongue)
places and manner of articulation video

9. Phonetics Review Consonants
Liquids and glides also grouped together and called approximants
say: typical = stops; sufficient = fricatives – vary in place of articulation

10. Places of articulation (for English)
Phonetics Review
Places of articulation (for English)
Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar
also Glottal
Lips Teeth Ridge Roof of Soft
Behind top Mouth Palate
Teeth
Bilabial Labiodental Palato-alveolar
Interdental Post-alveolar

11. Order of 3-part descriptive terms:
Phonetics Review
Consonants
Order of 3-part descriptive terms:
Voicing -- Place o’ Articulation -- Manner o’ Articulation
so [d] is a voiced alveolar stop

12. Phonetics Review
English Consonants: Order of 3-part descriptive terms:
Voicing -- Place o’ Articulation -- Manner o’ Articulation

13. English Consonants (voiceless sounds on the left)
Phonetics Review
English Consonants (voiceless sounds on the left)
obstruents
sonorants

15. Phonetics Review 11 Places Bilabial – stops, nasals and fricatives
Labiodental - stops, nasals, frics, (and affricates [ pf ] )

16. Phonetics Review 11 Places
CORONAL sounds - stops, frics, (affricates), nasals
Dental

17. Phonetics Review 11 Places CORONAL sounds - stops, frics, nasals
4. Alveolars
Apical = tip of tongue used
Laminal = blade of tongue used

18. Phonetics Review 11 Places CORONAL sounds - stops, frics, nasals
5. Retroflex - tongue tip pointed up, articulation with underside of tongue (not manner because place is both where and what with tongue)

19. Phonetics Review 11 Places CORONAL sounds - frics, (affricates),
Palato-alveolar - front of tongue domed, tongue tip near alveolar/post-alveolar region (not underside)
Alveolo-palatals (like palatal + palato-alveolar) - further back than palato-alveolar, but still tongue tip under alveolar ridge (Chinese and Polish)

20. Phonetics Review 11 Places
CORONAL sounds - stops, frics, (affricates), nasals
Palatal - made with front of tongue and tongue tip down (behind bottom teeth)

21. Phonetics Review 11 Places
DORSAL sounds - stops, frics, (affricates), nasals
Velar
Labial velars

22. Phonetics Review 11 Places
DORSAL sounds - stops, frics, (affricates), nasals
9. Uvular – French ‘r’

23. Phonetics Review 11 Places DORSAL sounds - stops, frics – See Agul
10. Pharyngeal 
11. Epiglottal

24. Phonetics Review
Nasals, stops and fricatives (From Ladefoged & Johnson, 2011)

25. Phonetics Review MANNERS of Articulation
Trills - articulator set in motion by the current of air
Taps - up and down movement of top of tip of tongue
Flaps - front and back movement of underside of tongue

26. Phonetics Review
Laterals - approximants, fricatives

27. Phonetics Review

28. Phonetics Review

29. Phonetics Review

30. Vowels are a 5 part descriptive terms:
Phonetics Review
Different from consonants
A lot more variation (different dialects)
Vowels are in a continuous space and gradient
Described by tongue height and backness
Also by rounding and tense/lax (sometimes not used)
Vowels are a 5 part descriptive terms:
Height -- Back/Front -- Tense/lax -- Un/Rounded -- Vowel
[i] = high front tense unrounded vowel
Vowels (English)

31. Phonetics Review

32. Tense/lax or upper/lower height
Vowels and vowel-like articulations
Vowels - vowel space broken down even more than in English
= high
= upper mid
= lower mid
= low
Tense/lax or upper/lower height

33. a Q Phonetics Review Vowel Chart Modified = high = high = upper mid
= lower mid
= lower mid
= low
= low

34. Phonetics Review
How do vowels and consonants relate to each other in terms of place of articulation?

35. Phonetics Review
How do vowels and consonants relate to each other in terms of place of articulation? Q a

36. Phonetics Review

37. Phonetics Review

38. Speech Production
Coarticulation - more than one articulator is active - please
Articulatory processes - adjustments made during normal speech (not laziness, but often for ease of articulation)
Assimilation
Dissimilation
Deletion
Epenthesis
Metathesis
Vowel Reduction

39. Articulatory Processes - Assimilation
Assimilation - when the features or characteristics of one sound spread to another sound
Regressive assimilation - if two sounds are together in sequence XY, then some characteristic of Y spreads to X (backwards).
Vowel nasalization before a nasal consonant - bed vs. Ben
Progressive assimilation - if two sounds are together in sequence XY, then some characteristic of X spreads to Y (forward).
Voiceless liquids and glides - bride vs. pride

40. Articulatory Processes - Assimilation
Voicing assimilation - a sound takes on the same voicing as a nearby sound
voicing - voiceless sound becomes voiced
devoicing - voiced sound becomes voiceless

41. Articulatory Processes - Assimilation
Assimilation of place of articulation - a sound takes on the same place of articulation as a nearby sound
Palatalization - making the place of articulation more palatal
Also term used for changing alveolar sound to post-alveolar
Homorganic nasal assimilation - a nasal consonant changes depending on the place of articulation of the following consonant

42. Articulatory Processes - Assimilation
Assimilation of manner of articulation - a sound takes on the same manner of articulation as a nearby sound
Nasalization - making vowel nasalized
Flapping - between two vowels, an alveolar stop becomes a flap (where first syllable is stressed and second is not) (Flaps are considered continuant so more vowel like)

43. Articulatory Processes - Dissimilation
Two sounds become less alike
Rare process

44. Articulatory Processes - Deletion
Process that removes a segment from certain phonetic contexts

45. Articulatory Processes - Epenthesis
Process that inserts a segment in certain phonetic contexts

46. Articulatory Processes - Metathesis
Reordering of the sequence of segments

47. Articulatory Processes - Vowel Reduction
In unstressed syllables, vowels become more central
Common reduced vowels in English:
high central
unrounded vowel

48. Articulatory processes - Review adjustments made during normal speech (not laziness, but for ease of articulation)
Assimilation - regressive or progressive
Of voicing - voicing or devoicing
Place of articulation - palatalization, homorganic nasal assimilation
Manner of articulation - nasalization, flapping
Dissimilation - orange juice
Deletion - fifs, husban
Epenthesis - warmpth
Metathesis - aks, pisghetti
Vowel Reduction - Ohio or Ohia? Missouri
Examples of stressed, unstressed and reduced vowels

49. Read chapter 1 and refresh your IPA
[fo nEkst taIm]:
Read chapter 1 and refresh your IPA
IPA Quiz 1 on consonants on Tues Jan 17! – Will be given the symbol and you need to match the descriptive terms
IPA Quiz 2 on vowels on Thurs Jan 19! – same type of thing as quiz 1
We will finish Phonetics Review and start Ch 2 on Thursday
HW = Phonetics IPA practice worksheet handed out on today and due Tues to help study for the quiz