1. ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers Breaking Through: College Reading, 8/e by Brenda Smith Chapter 5: Supporting Details and Organizational Patterns

2. ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers What is a Detail? Details develop, explain, and prove the main idea. Details are facts, descriptions, and reasons that make the material interesting. Details answer questions and paint visual images.

3. ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers Levels of Importance Usually the general topic is stated first, followed by subcategories of details, which may be further subdivided into specific examples. An outline or diagram can help you see this. Example: Types of Trees Conifers –Pine –Spruce

4. ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers Distinguishing Major and Minor Details Ask yourself:  What details are needed to explain or prove the main idea? [major]  What details are included just to make the passage more interesting? [minor]

5. ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers Transitional Words To Signal Levels of Importance Primary Support (major)  first  second  last  in addition Secondary Support (minor)  for example  to illustrate

6. ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers Following Directions All details become of equal importance. Read step by step, word by word and phrase by phrase. Consult any diagram with the directions. Read aloud if necessary.

7. ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers Patterns of Organization Simple Listing: randomly listing items in a series. The items are of equal value Signal words:  also  another  several  for example  in addition

8. ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers Patterns of Organization Classification: dividing items into groups or categories Signal words:  groups  categories  four elements  five classes  parts  two divisions

9. ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers Patterns of Organization Definitions with Examples: initially defining a concept and expanding with examples and restatements Signal words: for example in this case to illustrate can be defined Mark your text by circling or underlining the terms. Or take notes or make flashcards.

10. ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers Patterns of Organization Description: listing characteristics or details  Look for a list of defining details.  Mark your text and underline key words.  Signal words:  is  like  could be described

11. ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers Time Order, Sequence, or Narration: listing events in order of occurrence Signal words: Patterns of Organization  first  second  finally  after  before  next  later  now  at last  until  when  (dates) Mark your text! Take notes!

12. ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers Patterns of Organization Comparison: listing similarities among items Signal words:  in a similar way  similar  parallels  likewise  in a like manner

13. ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers Patterns of Organization Contrast: listing differences among items Signal words:  on the other hand  bigger than  but  however  on the contrary  although  nevertheless

14. ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers Patterns of Organization:  on that account  thus  made  therefore  because  for this reason  consequently  hence Cause and Effect: Showing one element as producing or causing a result or effect Signal words:

15. ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers Patterns of Organization Addition: providing additional Information Signal words:  further, furthermore  moreover  besides  likewise  again  also

16. ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers Patterns of Organization  beside  around  to the right/left  opposite  to  without  within  next to  near  below  above  close by  within  adjacent Location/Spatial Order: identifying the whereabouts of objects Signal words:

17. ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers Patterns of Organization Summary: condensing major points Signal words:  in conclusion  briefly  to sum up  in short  in a nutshell

18. ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers Summary Points What is a detail? How do you distinguish between major and minor details? What is a simple listing pattern? What is a classification pattern?

19. ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers Summary Points What is a definition with examples pattern? What is a chronological or sequence pattern? What is a comparison or contrast pattern? What is a cause-and-effect pattern?

20. ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers Textbook Excerpts Reading from Psychology Reading from Criminal Justice Reading from History

21. ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers Reading and Studying Criminal Justice Identify criminal acts in legal terms and make lists to remember them. Distinguish between types of crimes and criminals, making charts to distinguish them. Make timelines for legal processes. Make flowcharts for court processes. Relate legal decisions and actions to democratic freedoms.

22. ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers Selecting Magazines Read the lead article headlines and table of contents. Flip through the magazine and read article titles and boxed article excerpts. Read several “Letters to the Editor.” Decide, purchase, and enjoy!

23. ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers Newsmagazines News Stories Feature Stories Editorials Essays Critiques and Reviews

24. ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers Reading Casebook What is Beauty? Letters of Opinion Essay Business Excerpt

25. ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers Visit the Companion Website http://www.ablongman.com/smith