1. Nonverbal Communication

2. Nonverbal communication: A message expressed by nonlinguistic means. How does nonverbal communication work for us? Against us? Does all nonverbal behavior have communicative value? Can we control our nonverbals? Research: DePaolo: People who don’t use nonverbals are considered dull, aloof, uneasy, deceptive Researchers argue that unintentional behavior should not “count” as part of a communication exchange

3. Obvious Types of Nonverbal Communication Face and eyes Body movement Touch Voice and paralanguage (the “way” we say something) How do we feel when someone doesn’t make eye contact? What do we infer about people who use too many hand gestures? Too few? What messages do we read into a firm handshake? A weak handshake? What is an example of paralanguage eliciting a different message from what is intended? What stereotypes arise out of paralanguage?

4. Less Obvious Types of Nonverbal Communication Chronemics—Someone who can make you wait Physical attractiveness: Clothing, personal hygiene, appearance. Environment (the layout of a room) Proxemics (Edward T. Hall)

5. Differences Between Verbal and Nonverbal Communication Single versus multiple channels Discrete versus continuous Deliberate versus unconscious Degree of impact

6. Facts about Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal communication is primarily relational Nonverbal communication is ambiguous We “count” nonverbal communication anywhere as 25%-90% more telling than verbal communication, depending on circumstance We jump to conclusions more quickly with nonverbal messages

7. Functions of Nonverbals Repeating Hey, taxi! Substituting/emblems Complementing/ accenting (illustrators— running fingers through hair, snapping fingers) Regulating Contradicting What nonverbals do we use to indicate that a meeting is coming to an end? A party? “Leakage”: Deceiving behaviors—more likely to play with personal affects.