1. Amber Molloy - Montgomery Elementary How would you define “Fluency”?

2. Amber Molloy - Montgomery Elementary Fluency defined… National Reading Panel’s defines fluency as the ability to read with accuracy, appropriate rate, and good expression.

3. Amber Molloy - Montgomery Elementary Fluency defined… Fluency is like a bridge that connect decoding and comprehension. It consists of automatizing decoding so that readers can pay attention to constructing meaning. It also consists of interpretive and prosodic reading with appropriate expression and rate.~Rasinski 2008

4. Amber Molloy - Montgomery Elementary Fluency defined… The ability to silently or orally read a text with appropriate speed, adjusting it as needed within a given text, with relative accuracy, and with appropriate phrasing, intonation, tempo, and expression. Fluency is dynamic rather than a static process. It fluctuates depending on factors such as the difficulty of the text, the topics of the text, the reading environment, and the reader’s background for the text, interest in the text, and motivation. ~Opitz 2008

5. Amber Molloy - Montgomery Elementary Fluency defined… Fluency, whether oral or silent reading, is ‘reading like you talk’”.~Duffy 2003 “Fluency is the ability to decode and comprehend at the same time.” ~Samuels 2006

6. Amber Molloy - Montgomery Elementary How would you adjust your definition of fluency?

7. Amber Molloy - Montgomery Elementary Accuracy – correct decoding Automaticity – appropriate rate Prosody – expression and phrasing which leads to which ultimately leads to All 3 together can Enhance Comprehension

8. Amber Molloy - Montgomery Elementary Sitting in traffic for hours, Jan wasn’t annoyed by the continuous horn honking of her neighboring cars. Yeah, right!

9. Amber Molloy - Montgomery Elementary Sitting in traffic for hours, Jan wasn’t annoyed by the continuous horn honking of her neighboring cars. Yeah, right! Accuracy and automaticity allowed you to anticipate the upcoming text and add prosody when reading the last sentence.

10. Amber Molloy - Montgomery Elementary “There are may factors that can and do affect reading rate.” Keep in mind that “…comprehension can and does occur without fluency.” ~Don’t Speed. Read! Opitz 2008

11. Amber Molloy - Montgomery Elementary Resources that we have to support fluency instruction. Each story – Reread for fluency box Theme Resources section of the manual– oral reading explanation / assessment Phonics page – “Ongoing assessment box” wpm target Fluency Builder page in Intervention practice books

12. Amber Molloy - Montgomery Elementary Tips for Teaching Fluency Teach students to move a marker above the text so that their eyes can anticipate the text. Use a transparent colored strip Give students the opportunity to practice and perform oral reading. Try a poem or favorite page or paragraph. The background knowledge is necessary to promote fluency. Build their ability to anticipate the text.

13. Amber Molloy - Montgomery Elementary Assessing Fluency Accuracy – running record / miscue analysis Automaticity – wpm Prosody – Fluency Scale (NAEP Fluency Scale or Rasinski’s Multidimensional Fluency Scale)

14. Amber Molloy - Montgomery Elementary “Basic to reading with expression is reading with comprehension” ~(Karp 1943)