1. Ch. 15: The Spirit of Reform

2. Lesson 1: Social Reform
P. 410

3. Religion & Reform Second Great Awakening: late 1700s thru mid-1800s
Renewed religious interest, marked by revivals
Brings changes to American religion, education, literature
People try to form utopias

4. The Impact of Religion
Lyman Beecher: CT minister who led temperance movement
ME & some other states outlaw manufacture & sale of alcohol

5. Changing Education Horace Mann: MA lawyer & leader of education reform
1839: MA founds the nation’s 1st state- supported normal school
New colleges & universities open
Ex: Oberlin College of Ohio (1833)
Admitted both women & African Americans

6. Helping People with Disabilities
Thomas Gallaudet: developed a method to teach those w/ hearing impairments
Opened Hartford School for the Deaf in CT (1817)
Samuel Gridley Howe: helped ppl w/ vision impairments
Printed books using Braille
Headed the Perkins Institute (school for visually impaired in Boston)

7. Helping People with Disabilities (cont.)
Dorothea Dix: schoolteacher who began visiting prisons in 1841
Educated public about the poor conditions for prisoners & the mentally ill

8. Culture Changes
Transcendentalism: Stressed the relationship b/t humans & nature & the importance of the individual conscience
Margaret Fuller: Women’s rights
Ralph Waldo Emerson: Overcome prejudice
Henry David Thoreau: Civil disobedience

9. Culture Changes (cont.)
Other writers: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson
Art:
Hudson River School
Print-making (Nathaniel Currier, James Merritt Ives)

10. Lesson 2: The Abolitionists

11. The Colonization Plan 1816: American Colonization Society formed
Raised $ to send free African Americans out of the country
Acquired land in west Africa for a colony
1822: 1st settlers arrive in Liberia
1847: Liberia becomes independent country

12. Making the Case Against Slavery
William Lloyd Garrison: MA abolitionist
1831: started The Liberator newspaper
Called for an immediate end to slavery
1832: started the New England Anti- Slavery Society
1833: started the American Anti-Slavery Society

13. Making the Case Against Slavery (cont.)
Sarah & Angelina Grimke: supported abolition & women’s rights
1839: write American Slavery As It Is (firsthand stories of life under slavery)
Harriet Beecher Stowe
1852: publishes Uncle Tom’s Cabin

14. African American Abolitionists
Helped organize & lead the American Anti- Slavery Society, subscribed to The Liberator
1827: Freedom’s Journal begun
David Walker: publishes antislavery pamphlet
1830: African Americans lead convention in Philly
Start African American college? Encourage free African Americans to move to Canada?

15. The Role of Frederick Douglass
Ex-slave (escaped in 1838, bought his freedom in 1847)
Joined Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society
Gave antislavery speeches in U.S. & abroad
Edited the antislavery newspapers North Star

16. Sojourner Truth Born a slave as Isabella Baumfree in NY
Escaped in 1826; NY bans slavery in 1827
Changes name in 1843
Works w/ William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, etc.

17. The Underground Railroad
Network of escape routes
Most famous “conductor”: Harriet Tubman
As many as 100,000 slaves escape

18. Quiz Topics Second Great Awakening Temperance movement
Thomas Gallaudet
Transcendentalism
Dorothea Dix
Civil disobedience
American Colonization Society
Frederick Douglass
Underground Railroad