1. The First Political Parties
EQ: How do governments change?
Chapter 9, Lesson 3

2. Vocabulary: Ch. 9, Lesson 3 Partisan Caucus Aliens Sedition Nullify
State’ rights

3. Opposing Parties
By 1796 Americans were beginning to separate into opposing groups.
Economic polices
Foreign relations
How much power the federal government should have?

4. Federalists Washington “above” politics, but a federalist
Federalist party emerges
John Adams & Alexander Hamilton
Characteristics
Pro industrial development
Pro British
Pro strong federal government
“Looser” interpretation of Constitution

5. Democratic -Republicans
(D-Rs)
Thomas Jefferson & James Madison
Characteristics
Pro agriculture
Pro revolutionary France
Pro “common” man
Pro States rights
Strict interpretation of Constitution

6. Election of 1796 Presidential Election
John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson
Presidential Election
John Adams vs. Thomas Jefferson
First time two parties held meetings = caucuses
Adams wins with 71 electoral votes, Jefferson finished second.
Constitution= Adams is President, Thomas Jefferson Vice-President

7. Review Questions: Chapter 9, Lesson 3
Complete Questions #1 and #2 in the packet.

8. Activity: Presidential Buttons
Create an election button for your
Federalist candidate (John Adams)
OR Democratic candidate (Thomas Jefferson)
Use your notes on the characteristics of each political party

9. John Adams Born in Massachusetts Became a lawyer
Cousin to Samuel Adams
Popularized argument “no taxation without representation”
Birthplace of
John Adams
Young Adams

10. Adams: Foreign Policy
Adams continued neutrality—stay out of war between Britain & France
However, now French began attacking American ships trading with Britain
Adams sent diplomats to negotiate with French
French (in distance) bearing down
on damaged American ship

11. Adams: XYZ Affair
Americans (at left) facing French bribe and demands, in US newspaper cartoon
The French foreign minister refused to see American diplomats
Instead the French minister sends three French agents
They demand $250,000 bribe to let Americans see French foreign minister
Americans went home, instead (very upset!)

12. Effect of XYZ Affair The French agents became known as XYZ
Americans were outraged!
Huge public outcry: “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute!”
Token handed out during XYZ Affair

13. Adams: Domestic Policy
As a result of the XYZ Affair people become suspicious of foreigners.
Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)
1. Alien Act
Authorized the president to deport any immigrant considered "dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States.”
2. Sedition Act
made it a crime to publish any form of writing against the US government
Fight in Congress during debate
over Sedition Act, 1798

14. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Claimed Alien and Sedition Acts violated the constitution.
Should not be put into action
States could nullify (legally overturn) federal laws that violated the constitution.
The resolutions supported state rights
Powers of the federal gov. should be limited

15. Activities
Complete the following margin questions in your packet Lesson 3, question #4.
Primary Source Activities #1, #2, #3

16. Primary Source Activity #1: 1st Amendment
The First Amendment states:
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
Write and answer the 3 questions

17. Primary Source Activity #2: Sedition Act
The Sedition Act states:
That if any person shall write, print, utter or publish, or shall cause to be written, printed, uttered or published, or shall knowingly and willingly assist or aid in writing, printing, or publishing any false, scandalous and malicious writing or writings against the government of the United states, or either house of the Congress of the United States, or the President of the United States…
Write and answer the 3 questions

18. Primary Source Activity #3: Political Cartoon
Congress meeting, 1798
1. What is happening in the cartoon, and how are the politicians reacting?
2. What does the cartoon suggest about politics of the era?