1. Eukaryotic Microbes

2. 3 Domains

3. 5 Kingdoms Protista * Fungi * Animalia Plantae Bacteria
www2.bc.cc.ca.us/bio16/1_Lecture.htm

4. What are some characteristics of eukaryotic organisms?

5. Kingdom Protista
Any eukaryote that is not an animal, plant, or fungus.
60,000 protist species.
Most are single-celled.
Include algae and protozoa.
Marine Protists

6. Algae Many produce energy by photosynthesis.
Most algal cell walls contain cellulose (also found in plants).
May be:
Unicellular
Diatoms
Dinoflagellates
Desmids
Multicellular
Large, plantlike seaweeds
Include Red and Brown algae
Euglena.

7. Unicellular Algae Diatoms Freshwater and marine environments.
Cell walls contain silicon dioxide (glass).
Used in filtration systems, insulation, and abrasives (like toothpaste).

8. Unicellular Algae Dinoflagellates Usually photosynthetic.
Some produce light and are often called fire algae.
Responsible for “red tides.”
news.bbc.co.uk

9. Spirogyra. www.marietta.edu
Unicellular Algae
Desmids
Group of green algae.
Can photosynthesize.
Ex. Euglena
Has algal and protozoan characteristics.
Has a primitive mouth.
Does not have a cell wall.
Has an eyespot.
Has flagellum.
Ex. Spirogyra
Filamentous algae.
Spirogyra.
Euglena.

10. Multicellular Algae Consists mainly of Brown and Red algae.
Brown Algae
Usually found in ocean water.
Are a source of algin, which is a thickener in ice cream.
Red Algae
Found in deeper ocean water than brown algae.
One type of red algae (Gelidium) is the source of agar.
Brown algae. saltwater-aquarium-guide.net
Red algae. Gelidium spp.

11. Protozoa Most are unicellular.
Most are free-living organisms that live in soil and water.
Ingest other organisms or organic material.
Do not have a cell wall.

12. Protozoan Life Cycle Usually have 2 stages to their life cycle.
Trophozoite
Motile, feeding, dividing stage.
Cyst
Dormant, survival stage.

13. Protozoa Symbiotic relationship Parasitic relationships
A termite (top) next to a gut from another termite (middle). Contents (bottom) include spirochetes (arrows) and protozoa (P). animals.howstuffworks.com
Symbiotic relationship
Between termite and protozoan.
Parasitic relationships
Malaria
Giardiasis
African sleeping sickness
Amoebic dysentery
Tsetse flies in the genus Glossina transmit the protozoan pathogens that cause African sleeping sickness (Trypanosoma gambiense and T. rhodesiense).

14. Protozoan Reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Binary fission
produces 2 daughter cells.
Schizogony
Multiple nuclear divisions before cytoplasmic divisions.
Results in more than 2 daughter cells.
Sexual reproduction
Gametocyte production
2 haploid gametes which fuse to form a diploid zygote.

15. Protozoan Classification
Based on method of locomotion.
Major groups
Amoebae
Pseudopodia
Flagellates
Possess flagella
Ciliates
Possess cilia
Nonmotile protozoa
Called sporozoa
Amoeba. Naegleria fowleri. classes.midlandstech.edu
Flagellate. Giardia lamblia.
Cilate. Balantidium coli.
Nonmotile. Plasmodium vivax.

16. What is the world’s largest organism?

17. Blue Whale
Giant Sequoia

18. Honey Mushroom, Armillaria spp.

19. Fungi Unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes.
Reproduce asexually and sexually.
5 phyla
based on their mode of sexual reproduction.
Lack chlorophyll.
Have a cell wall made of chitin.
Are saprophytes
“garbage disposers” of nature.

20. Unicellular Yeast 3-8 µm in diameter.
Found in soil and water and on skin of many fruits and vegetables.
Reproduce by an asexual process called budding.
Results in the production of a type of asexual spore called a blastospore.
Responsible for beer, wine, leavened bread.
Some species are human pathogens (i.e. Candida albicans).
Yeast cells budding. immunenhance.com

21. Multicellular Fungi Possess hyphae A mass of hyphae forms a mycelium.
A hypha is a tube-like cell.
A mass of hyphae forms a mycelium.
Septate hyphae have cross walls or septations.
Non-septate hyphae lack cross walls or septations.
Hyphal structure with septae.

22. Multicellular Fungi Reproduction
Sexual or asexual reproduction.
Can produce sexual or asexual spores.
Sexual spores form by the fusion of 2 gametes.
Asexual spores form in many different ways.

23. Molds Consists of many types of multicellular fungi.
Penicillium, a genus of green mold, attacks many fruits and is the source of the antibiotic drug penicillin.
Consists of many types of multicellular fungi.
Have great commercial importance.
Consists of many antibiotic producing molds like Penicillium.
Used to make many different kinds of cheese.
Potato blight mold caused the famine in Ireland in the mid-19th century.
Moldy bagel.

24. There are other types of fungi that are multicellular and are not considered microorganisms.

25. Fungi and Disease
Are responsible for diseases in humans, animals, and plants.
In humans, infections could be superficial
affecting the skin, hair, fingernails, toenails.
Some of these fungal infections can be more internal and thus be more severe.
Ringworm. Tinea corporis.
Madura foot.

26. Lichens Mutualistic relationship between an alga and a fungus.
Are tough and self-sufficient.
Can inhabit inhospitable habitats such as deserts, newly formed volcanic islands, the Arctic, bare rock.
Grow slowly
Arctic colonies grow 1-2 inches every 1000 years.
Some thought to be over 4000 years old.

27. Slime Molds Have both fungal and protozoal characteristics.
May be cellular or acellular.
Found in soil and on rotting logs.

28. Slime Molds

29. Cellular Slime Molds Begin life as ameba-like organisms.
If harsh conditions ensue, individual organisms will fuse together to form a motile, multicellular form that is called a slug.
Slug becomes a fruiting body which consists of a stalk and spore cap.
Spores released and are airborne.
If suitable habitat is found, a spore becomes an ameba.

30. Acellular Slime Molds Also called plasmodial slime mold.
Also produce a stalk and spores.
Haploid cells fuse to form diploid cells.
forms large masses of motile, multinucleated protoplasm.

31. The End