1. ING105 Effective Communication
Asst. Prof. Dr. Emrah Görgülü
In this lecture we are going to look at nonverbal communication, what it is and what it includes. This is important for us because nonverbal communication is one of the most powerful ways through which humans can communicate. Thus it is a significant part of the communication process. Some say it is perhaps the most important aspect of getting your message across. Everything you do tells the other person something about yourself.
Lecture 7: Nonverbal communıcatıon

2. Verbal vs. Nonverbal Communication
Verbal communication is often called language. In that sense it refers to the use of sounds and words to send a message.
It serves as a vehicle for expressing our thoughts, ideas, desires and other things we want to get across.
There are two types of verbal communication: speech and writing
A friendly chat
A phone conversation
Writing a letter
A class discussion
How about a baby’s cry? What about grunting?
In our previous lectures we made a distinction between verbal and nonverbal language. There are certain differences between the two.
Real words, mere cries or grunts (they include sounds). Either in spoken for or in written form (e.g. sending an ). Writing is not speech but is still verbal communication since we use language in written form.

3. Verbal vs. Nonverbal Communication (cont’d)
Nonverbal language is often defined as gestures and body language. It is any method of transferring information without words.
Facial expressions, gestures, body language and posture.
In addition to gestures and body language, sometimes what we do not say could be considered to be nonverbal communication.
For instance, not answering a question could communicate several things such as:
not knowing the answer,
not having actually heard the questioner,
not worthy of answering.
On the other hand, nonverbal communication has different characteristics. Facial expressions for happiness, sadness, anger and fear are similar throughout the world.

4. A Joke a
Look at the joke. There is no verbal response from the audience but their nonverbal behavior tells a lot. What is nonverbal communication here? Do you think the auidence is happy with the lecture? What do the audience think about the lecture? Do they like it? How do you tell? You look at their body language. You look at things they do or don’t do.

5. Another Joke a
Sometimes we refuse to say things on purpose, we avoid talking and that gives a message too.

6. Yet Another Joke .

7. One Last Joke a
So what do you think is going on here? What is the punchline? It looks like the guy makes a proposal and one of the committee members does not like the idea. So he hits the other with a hammer. This is one of the inetersting ways of saying ‘don’t criticize my ideas’.

8. Objectives After reading this chapter, you should be able to
Explain the concept of body movement
Identify uses of emblems, illustrators, affect displays, regulators and adaptors
Explain the concept of time communication
Explain the concept of smell communication
Explain the concept of touch communication
Define the term paralanguage
In this lecture we are going to focus on nonverbal communication and its components.

9. Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal communication radiates (i.e. comes) from all of the senses but does not include the use of verbal symbols. We can communicate through:
Sight (motion, color and shape)
Artists communicate their ideas and feelings through colors and shapes.
Touch
A handshake, hug, a pat at the back
Smell
You smell smoke and you suspect if there is fire somewhere
Sound
You hear a bell ringing and you know the class is over
Communications without words can be perceived through the five senses of sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste. Non-verbal communication related to the sense of sight involves motion, color and shape. Artists are communicating their ideas and feelings through colors and shapes. Sounds are associated with the sense of hearing and smell through the olfactory senses. The sense of touch is a powerful communicator especially through a handshake, hug, a pat at the back or a kiss. You hear a bell ringing and you know the class is over, you smell smoke and you suspect if there is fire somewhere. You pat someone’s shoulder to communicate friendliness and sincerity.

10. Nonverbal Communication (cont’d)
We send messages through our use of space, color, and time; artifacts such as furniture, clothing and jewelry.
Q: Why is nonverbal communication important?
A: A solid blend of verbal and nonverbal communication skills enhances your effectiveness with other people.
It is important to make adjustments in personal style to make sure our nonverbal messages complement our verbal messages.
Space: our environment, for instance, I am wearing this accessory and some people think I am trying to give a message, communicating some idea. However, it is not the case. Do you know what this is? Clothes, jewelry and physical appearance is the first contact with people.

11. Nonverbal Communication (cont’d)
We cannot not communicate: Communicators assign meaning to all nonverbals.
Although you have no control over some physical characteristics such as height, communicators will interpret nonverbal messages from physical characteristics.
According to a University of Florida study:
Taller people earn more money; supervisors rated taller staff members as more effective.
In the first chapter we argued that we can’t not communicate, meaning we have to communicate or we are bound to communicate with each other. Communication is so powerful that communicators tend to interpret messages even from physical traits. Well, people say I am tall but believe me I do not earn a lot of money. Your physical characteristics also gives messages to other people. You are tall, you must be more effective at work.

12. Nonverbal Communication (cont’d)
It is important for you to know that nonverbals account for a large portion of our total communication package.
Verbal communication comprises only 35% of our total communication. This is interestingly less than half.
We use nonverbals much more than verbals.
You need to make careful choices about the nonverbals that you can control so that the overall impression is consistent with your message and your personal brand.
You communicate more through nonverbals. You use nonverbals more to pass information. Nonverbals (eye contact, facial expressions, posture, gestures, space): anything nonverbal you do in communication either intentionally or unintentionally
Non-verbal communication to have under your control: Posture, while standing, seated and walking. / Facial expression. / Eye contact / Movement of your arms and hands. Maintaining personal space; distance between self and others.

13. Four Functions of Nonverbals
There are four basic functions of nonverbal communication:
They can substitute for a verbal message: It is far easier to point to something than to explain where it is. In this case we choose a nonverbal message rather than words.
“Talk to the hand”
It is a common substitution for ______________
Instead of using words, you use gestures. Talk to the hand gesture: Stop talking, I don’t want you to talk, I am interrupting you.
Where is the laptop? I am pointing to it.

14. Four Functions of Nonverbals (cont’d)
They can emphasize a verbal message: We can use a hand gesture to make a verbal statement more grandiose. Sometimes people want to emphasize how big something is by a hand gesture.
It was THIS BIG!
The donation amount was THIS SMALL!
Characterized by greatness of scope or intent; grand.

15. Four Functions of Nonverbals (cont’d)
They can contradict a verbal message: We have to be careful of not contradicting our verbals with our nonverbals. Sometimes it is a nervous reaction to smile when we tell very serious bad news.
A person verbally expressing a statement of truth while simultaneously avoiding eye contact may convey a mixed message to the receiver.

16. Four Functions of Nonverbals (cont’d)
They can regulate conversation: We use eye contact to let someone know when it is their turn to talk or we put up a hand to stop someone from interrupting us.
Touching someone's arm can signal that you want to talk next or interrupt.
(do the handout)

17. Types of Nonverbal Communication
There are a number of types of nonverbal communication.
Body movement (Kinesics): Body movement gives a lot of information about who we are.
Movements of the body, or some part of it, used to communicate an idea, intention or feeling.
Even the smallest gesture or movement communicates information about us.
Eye contact
Gestures
Facial expressions
Head movements (Amy Cuddy’s video)
Kinesics is the study of body movements (human body motion).

18. Types of Nonverbal Communication (cont’d)
Direct eye contact with other people is expected in some countries as a sign of respect but it is considered to be aggressive and discrespectful in others.
How about in Turkey?
What kind of body movements do you think are considered inappropriate?
Constant body motion should be controlled
Shaking a foot and tapping a pen during conversations
People may interpret this behavior as nervousness or an indication of impatience.
Although many non-verbal elements are universal, the impact of non-verbal communication to the total meaning of a talk or speech, for example,  can differ culturally. Thus, the psyche or mind is largely affected by cultural and environmental backgrounds in determining the meaning of non-verbal messages.

19. Types of Nonverbal Communication (cont’d)
Emblems
Emblems are nonverbal movements which have a direct verbal translation, generally a word or phrase.
They are substitutions for words and are often culture specific. They do not have a universal meaning.
After an exam your friend gives you a thumbs-up
The ‘V’ gesture
The ‘be quiet’ sign (watch the clip!!)
you don’t use any words, just gestures.

20. Types of Nonverbal Communication (cont’d)
Illustrators
Illustrators are nonverbals used to enhance the understanding of a message. They accompany and literally illustrate the verbal msg.
Saying ‘Let’s go’ while motioning with your arm for your friends to go
Saying ‘how big’ something is and opening your hands
We can point to direct attention of our listeners
Asking ‘what time is it?’ while pointing to your watch.
Be careful not to use too many hand gestures. In many cultures, gesturing for every comment is distracting.
(watch the clip!!)

21. Types of Nonverbal Communication (cont’d)
Affect displays
Affect displays are facial muscle movements used to convey meaning. Affect displays are feelings expressed through our bodies.
Facial expressions reveal whether we are:
Happy
Sad
Angry
Interested
Surprised
Disgusted (watch the clip!!)

22. Types of Nonverbal Communication (cont’d)
Regulators
Regulators are movements that direct the conversation.
When the instructor asks a question and you do not want to be called on, you look down at your desk.
In contrast, the student who makes eye contact with the instructor signals a desire to answer the question.
Regulators are acts that help to initiate and terminate the speech of participants in a social situation.
Regulators might suggest that the speaker wants to keep talking, clarify something, or hurry up and finish.
Eye contact is used to let the conversation partner know whether to keep talking or when it is the listener’s turn to speak. (watch the video!!)
you avoid eye contact or maintain eye contact

23. Types of Nonverbal Communication (cont’d)
Adaptors
Adaptors are self-touching behaviors. Adaptors are often interpreted in a negative way by other communicators.
A person who is always fussing with hair, glasses or clothing is perceived to be nervous or not paying atttention to what is being communicated.
  Adaptors are acts related to satisfying bodily needs.
Moving into a more comfortable position, scratching

24. End of Communication!