1. Effective Communication

2. Communication?
The transfer of information and understanding that occurs between two or more individuals, in which each individual tries to give meaning to certain symbolic messages conveyed through a particular media.

3. What is being communicated?
Facts
Events
Perception
Ideas
Needs
Desires
Beliefs

4. Elements of Communication
SENDER
RECEIVER
MESSAGES
MEDIA
FEEDBACK
NOISE

5. Types of Communication
Verbal Communication
Language, words
Talking, sending a letter
Non-verbal Communication
Tone of voice
Eye contact
Body gesture
Touch
Speech Intonation
Use of physical space & time

6. Types of Communication
Things that are not often realized  words that are spoken are not the main thing that is perceived by the receiver of the message.
The receiver of the message notices other things aside from what is being spoken.
In providing psychosocial support, non-verbal communication is very important.
It helps when communicating with others of a different culture.

7. Factors that Promote Communication
Empathy
Assertive behavior
Giving feedback to the receiver of the message
Direct communication through face to face meetings
Use of simple and direct language
Mutual trust
Warm personality

8. Factors that Can Obstruct Communication
Physical limitation
Language / semantic limitation
Psychological limitation

9. Characteristics of Effective Communication
The message is simple and comprehensive.
Mutual trust exists.
Appropriate to the situation and existing conditions.
Use of proper body language.
Interactive situation is made.
Verification of whether the message is understood by the receiver.

10. Active Listening

11. Active Listening Not the same as mere listening.
Basics of communication for psychosocial support.
Without active listening, someone will not realize the problems of those they are talking to.
As a result, someone will find difficulties in providing assistance.
How to do it…???

12. Practicing Active Listening
Do not interrupt someone when he speaks.
Empathy with the person we are talking to.
Be involved in the conversation and maintain involvement.
Ask questions then make a conclusion.
Put off judging, criticizing or giving advice.
Show sincere attention.
Give feedback.

13. Gestures that show Active Listening
Sit facing each other
Body gesture shows openness
Body is leaning forwards
Eye contact
Relaxed attitude

14. Useful to overcome psychological obstruction during communication.
Obstruction 1: Permissive Behavior  Not willing to express ideas, asking questions to avoid being perceived as stupid.
Assertive
Obstruction 2: Aggressive  Expressing desires inappropriately that can be detrimental to others.

15. Assertive
Learn to know what you want and how to communicate it to others in a nice and sincere manner.
Do not let others impose their desires on to you particularly on things you are opposed to.
Voice out your rights, ideas and desires without harming others.
How to do it…???

16. Practicing Assertive Communication
Realize your rights, desires and opinions.
Try to feel comfortable with yourself.
Accept yourself including your strengths and weaknesses.
Use well mannered and polite speech.
Respect differences in opinion.
Notice the body language of the person you are talking to in order to obtain feedback.

17. Understand what is being thought
Empathy
Understand what is being thought
and felt by others.
Practicing it :
Be sensitive towards yourself and realize your own thoughts and feelings.
Be sensitive towards others.
Observe the non-verbal language of the person you are speaking to.
Do not make a conclusion in haste.
Avoid prejudice.

18. Receive and Give Feedback
Feedback helps you to:
Realize your own behavior
Change your behavior
Feel content with your behaviour.

19. Receive & Give Feedback
Feedback can be in the form of:
Information on your strengths and weaknesses
Recommendation
Questions

20. To be noticed when giving feedback
Make sure the person whom you will give feedback is ready to accept.
Pay attention to your tone of voice.
Explain the observed behavior and its repercussions rather than merely giving an evaluation.
When giving feedback, focus on behavior that can be improved.
Refer to yourself by using the word “I”

21. Communicating With the Survivors
Establish a positive first impression.
Create a warm and welcoming atmosphere.
Be honest and sincere.
Look at the person’s face with kindness and occasionally look into their eyes.
Always try to understand survivors.
Conduct active listening.
Do not give advice, suggestions, lectures if not asked.
Do not evaluate quickly.
Give the survivor the freedom to show their vulnerabilities.
Act calm and relaxed.

22. Informing Bad News Inform the news in a clear and concise manner.
Pay attention to your body language and respond according to the situation.
If the person that receives the news is unable to accept the fact, acts hysterical or falls unconscious, realize that it is a normal reaction.
If the case mentioned previously occurs, give a a calming statement, express your concern and if possible touch the person. Gentle human touch can calm people’s reactions.