1. Influence of Algae Treatment on Lagoon Odors

3. Personnel Principal Investigator –Stephen J. Reynolds, Ph.D., CIH Co-Investigators –Tim Stanton, Ph.D. –Brad Lester, M.S. –Marc Cusanelli –John Mehaffy, M.S.

4. Regional Community Partners Agsmart Inc. La Luna Dairy, Wellington, Colorado Morwai Dairy, Hudson, Colorado Weld County Commissioners Cooperative Extension CSU Center for Animal Agriculture and Community Enhancement

5. Specific Aims and Objectives 1.Work with community-based partners to conduct project and disseminate findings 2.Implement and evaluate the effectiveness of lagoon algae treatment on reduction of emissions and occupational exposures 1.Measure and quantify occupational exposures 2.Differences in dairy and feedlot size and manure handling practices 3.Evaluate the utility of the Cyranose 320 electronic nose for detection, identification, and quantification

6. Methods Algae System – grown on-site in a greenhouse, added to manure by pump, raise dissolved oxygen to above 1.0 mg/ml Total Particulate – 37-mm closed-faced cassette Inhalable Particulate – IOM sampler with 25-mm filter and SKC Button sampler with 25-mm filter Gas/Vapor – Sorbent tubes (charcoal and XAD-7) following NIOSH Analytical Methods

7. Methods Hydrogen Sulfide – Jerome 631-X Hydrogen Sulfide Analyzer (Arizona Instruments) real-time measurement ranging from 3ppb to 50ppm Ammonia – Dräger Pac III real-time measurement range from 0 to 300ppm Bioaerosols – SKC Biosampler and Anderson Two- Stage Jet-to Agar Impactor (mesophilic and gram- negative bacteria, and fungi) Odor and Constituent Gases – Scentometer and Cyranose 320 electronic nose

8. Methods Endotoxin – Recombinant Factor C Endotoxin Assay (Biowhittaker) Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide – Q-Trak (TSI Inc.) direct reading with datalogging DataRam – particulate sampling in range from 0.01 to 100 mg/m 3 Grimm – real-time size selective evaluation of aerosol counts and mass, size range 0.35 to 20 µm, mass range 0 to 100 µg/L

9. Methods Area Samples by Lagoons – Total and Inhalable Particulate and Endotoxin, Gases, Vapors, Bioaerosols, and Meterological data Personal Samples – Total and Inhalable Particulate and Endotoxin for Milkers, Pushers, Feeder, Calf Feeders, Vet Techs, and General Maintenance Personnel

12. Algae System at a Colorado Dairy 1500 cows 60 acre site 8 acre lagoon no land application flushes 250,000-400,000 gpd recycles wastewater with fresh odor issues with town residents

13. Colorado Dairy

14. Set up system June 1, 2003 GOALS: REDUCE ODOR GAIN COMMUNITY ACCEPTANCE

16. Colorado Dairy DISSOLVED OXYGEN (MG/L) MEASURED AT A DEPTH OF 6 FEET DATA COLLECTED BY COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH TEAM CITY MAYOR & COUNCIL MEMBERS SUPPORTIVE OF AGSMART PROCESS DAIRY ODOR COMPLAINTS DRASTICALLY REDUCED

17. Wastewater Analysis BOD 5

18. 10/01/04 04/28/0509/06/05 Influent to Pond 12,640 mg/L 8,688 mg/L 3,924 mg/L Effluent to Barns 12,720 mg/L N/A 3,504 mg/L Pond Sample 12,580 mg/L 8,556 mg/L N/A Colorado Analytical Lab #04100111 #05042818 #05090637

19. Wastewater Analysis PO 4 Wastewater Analysis—PO 4 in mg/L 09/17/2003 1598 03/11/2004 1402 10/01/2004 648

20. Colorado Dairy H 2 S LEVELS MEASURED AROUND PERIMETER OF LAGOON DATE MEASURED READING 03/18/04 23 PPB 04/05/04 1-10 PPB

21. A Direct Comparison 6-Tank System 8-Acre Single Cell Lagoon With 28 Micro Diffusers 4-hp VS 139 hp Traditional Mechanical Aeration System 556 Micro Diffusers 8-Acre Single Cell Lagoon With 556 Micro Diffusers Installation Cost: Less Than $100,000.00 Installation Cost: Greater Than $140,000.00 Yearly Operation Cost: Less Than $36,000.00 Yearly Operation Cost: Greater Than $100,000.00 @ $.08 / KWH Data Compiled By Colorado State University Of Aerobic Systems* * TO OVERCOME13,000-16,000 MG/L BOD LOADING

22. Personal Sample Setup SKC Button Sampler

23. Feeder Sample Setup

24. Lagoon Sample Setup

25. Particulate, Gases, and Vapors

26. Bioaersols

27. Results

28. Scentometer Winter 05 Spring Summer Fall Winter 06

29. Hydrogen Sulfide Winter 05 Spring Summer Fall Winter 06

30. Ammonia Winter 05 Spring Summer Fall Winter 06

31. Total Particulate Lagoon Maint. Milkers

32. Total Endotoxin Lagoon Maint. Milkers

33. Inhalable Particulate Lagoon Calves Sick Cows Maint. Feeder Loader

34. Inhalable Endotoxin Lagoon Calves Sick Cows Maint. Feeder Loader

35. Questions? Do you smell that? Nope, we have algae!