1. Age of Imperialism
What does this map imply about the Age of Imperialism?

2. Causes of Imperialism 1. Economic Motives
The Industrial Revolution created great demand for raw materials (natural resources) and new markets.
2. Desire for Political Power (nationalism)
European nations wanted to demonstrate their power and prestige to the world.
3. Sense of Racial Superiority
Social Darwinism; in the struggle between nations, the fit are victorious
4. White Man’s Burden
The Europeans’ sense of superiority made them feel obligated to “civilize” others

3. Scramble for Africa
In the 1870s, the Belgian King Leopold sent emissaries to establish trade with native Africans in the Congo.
Other European nations feared missing out, and sought to imperialize Africa.
Desired African goods: gold, diamonds, rubber

4. Berlin Conference
Europeans leaders meet to establish rules for colonizing Africa
No African rulers invited
Little or no thought about the complex differences in ethnic groups
By 1914, only independent African nations
Liberia, Ethiopia

5. According to this cartoon, what European countries were fighting for a position in Africa?

6. 1914

7. Southern Africa 3 groups clash for power: Africans Boers British
Zulu nation, led by Shaka, fought the British and Boer
Zulu nation lost to British in 1887
Boers
Descendants of Dutch settlers that had controlled South Africa since the mid 1600s
Also known as Afrikaners
British
Gained control of South Africa during Berlin Conference
Try to annex Boer territory (take control of country or area by using force)

8. British influence Cecil Rhodes
Founded the De Beers Mining Company, eventually controlling 90% of the world’s diamond production.
After becoming prime minister of the Cape Colony (now South Africa) in 1890, he used his influence to strengthen British control over the region.

9. The Boer War
Fought between the Boers and the British over land
Many Zulu fought with the Boers
Guerilla tactics (Sneaky)
British burned crops and had detention centers
Peace treaty signed in 1902
Union of South Africa established in 1910 by the British

10. Effects of Imperialism
Positive
Reduces local fighting
Sanitation improves
Hospitals and schools created
Technology brings economic growth
Negative
Africans lose land and independence
Many lives are lost
Traditional cultures breakdown
Division of Africa creates problems that continue today; tribalism

11. “An English Traveler in Colonial Africa” Reading
1.What was Mary Kingsley doing in Africa?
2. In what part of Africa was Kingsley traveling?
3. How was the ship, the Move, powered?
4. Does she seem to think she is in a dangerous situation or not?

12. 12.3:
British Rule in India

13. The Suez Canal Strategic waterway built by Great Britain
Connects Mediterranean and Red Sea
Increased trade and transport between Europe, Middle East, Asia

14. British East India Company
Joint-stock company that sought to exploit natural resources and gain access to markets
Involved in India’s political and military affairs
“Divide and conquer” tactics; political and religious rivalries (Muslim v. Hindu)
Employed Indian soldiers, sepoys, to protect the company’s interests in the region

15. Sepoy Rebellion
1857, a group of “sepoys” refused to load their rifles with cartridges
Greased with cow (sacred to Hindus) and pig (taboo to Muslims) fat
Many sepoys revolt, are imprisoned
Sepoy troops kill 50 European men, women and children
taken over by the British government
Direct control instituted, increased mistrust
1909

16. Effects of British Rule
Positive
Stability and order
Construction of roads and railroads
Move crops faster
Irrigation systems improve farming
Established school system, postal service
New laws mean justice for all classes
Customs end human rights violations
Negative
Indian resources go to Great Britain
British manufactured goods destroy local industries
Starvation – food production  cotton production (30 million Indians die)
Indians are treated as inferiors; spurs resentment and anger
Great Britain tries to replace Indian culture with western ways

17. Nationalism in India Formation of the Indian National Congress
1885
Nationalistic organization in India with the purpose of ending British control.
Mostly educated Hindu; Mohandas Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru
Formation of Muslim League
1906
Many Muslims distrust Hindus

18. “Famines in India under British Rule”
1. How did el Niño affect Indian peasants?
2. How did the viceroy justify his inaction?
3. What were some of the cash crops Indians were forced for produce?
4. Where was much of the food that could have saved millions of Indians?
5. All together, how many Indians starved died in the 1870s, 80s and 90s?

19. 12.4: Nation Building in Latin America
What two European powers colonized the majority of Latin and South America?

20. Causes of Latin American Independence
Inspired by Enlightenment and revolutionary ideas
American and French Revolutions
Nationalism
Abusive, rigid social structure:
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos/Mulattos
Africans/slaves

21. Haitian Revolution French colony
1791, Toussaint L’Ouverture led more than 100,000 slaves in revolt
1804, became the first independent state in Latin America
Haiti

22. Mexican Revolution #1
Miguel Hidalgo and ill-equipped army of Native Americans and mestizos attack against the Spaniards
Rebellion soon crushed, and Hidalgo sentenced to death
Mexican elites, peninsulares and creoles, feared further lower class revolts and declared independence from Spain

23. South American Independence
“Liberators of South America”
Simon Bolivar
Educated Creole
led resistance against Spanish (“the liberator”)
, he led military campaigns that won independence for Venezuela, Colombia (then, Granada), Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.
Jose de San Martin
Led revolutions in Argentina, Chile, Peru
1824, nearly all of South America had successfully revolted and won independence

24. US in Latin America Monroe Doctrine
1823, US President, James Monroe, stated that European nations were not to interfere in Latin America
Great Britain supports the US in return for access to LA markets
European nations fear passing Great Britain en voyage to the western hemisphere
1. Who are the figures on the right?
2. Who is the figure on the left?
3. What is the figure on the left doing?
What is the author’s overall message?

25. Panama Canal 1904, connects the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean
Served the national interests of the United States

26. Instability in Latin America
Revolts, civil war, poverty and inequality
Geographic barriers and nationalism hinder unification of LA
Despite establishment of republics with constitutions, democracy did not follow.
Colonial class structure remains largely intact (creoles replace peninsulares)
Local caudillos supported by the landed elites put together own armies and challenge central governments

27. Economic Problems
Cash crop economies of LA were unstable and dependent on Western nations
US and Great Britain (large investors) dominate and exploit
Built transportation and communication systems and power plants
Latin American elite encourage foreign companies
Fastest way both to modernize their countries and to enrich the Latin American property owning class

28. Mexican Revolution #2 1910-1930 Causes: Key Figures:
Dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz brought economic advances, but only few elite and foreign investors benefit
Most Mexicans are uneducated, landless and poor
Key Figures:
Emiliano Zapata – led peasant revolt, calling for land reform
“Pancho” Villa – rebel leader in north, armed masses against Mexican gov’t and the US

29. Effects: Constitution on 1917 Social and economic reform
DBQ in TEXTBOOK
Social and economic reform
Desire to no longer be dependent on industrial powers, bring industries under government control