1. . Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

2. Chapter 12 The Respiratory System Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

3. Slide 2 Learning Objectives  Name the organs of the respiratory system and describe their location and function.  Identify various pathological conditions that affect the system.  Recognize medical terms that pertain to respiration.

4. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 3 Learning Objectives (cont’d.)  Identify clinical procedures and abbreviations related to the system.  Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their proper contexts, such as medical reports and records.

5. Chapter 12 Lesson 12.1

6. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 5 Introduction Respiration  mechanical process of breathing  exchange of air between lungs and environment

7. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 6 Introduction (cont’d.) External respiration: exchange of air in lung capillaries  oxygen inhaled into the air sacs of the lungs  immediately passes into capillaries  carbon dioxide passes from capillaries into air sacs, to be exhaled

8. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 7 Introduction (cont’d.) Internal respiration: exchange of gases in the cells  occurs simultaneously between cells and capillaries  oxygen passes out of the bloodstream into the tissues  carbon dioxide passes out of tissues back into the bloodstream to travel to the lungs

9. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 8 Inhalation and Expiration

10. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 9 Respiratory Anatomy  Mediastinum: middle of chest where trachea divides into two branches  Bronchi: each leads to a separate lung  Lungs: lobes are not mirror images  Hilum: blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue, and bronchial tubes enter and exit

11. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 10 Anatomy of Respiration

12. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 11 Respiratory Structures Conduct air  Nose  Nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses  Pharynx  Larynx  Trachea Exchange gases  Bronchioles  Alveoli  Lung capillaries

13. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 12 Respiratory Flow Chart

14. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 13 Combining Forms adenoid/o alveol/o bronch/o bronchi/o bronchiol/o capn/o coni/o cyan/o epiglott/o laryng/o lob/o mediastin/o nas/o orth/o ox/o pector/o pharyng/o phon/o phren/o pleur/o pneum/o pneumon/o pulmon/o rhin/o sinus/o spir/o tel/o thorac/o tonsill/o trache/o

15. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 14 Suffixes -ema -osmia -pnea -ptysis -sphyxia -thorax

16. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 15 Chapter 12 Lesson 12.2

17. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 16 Diagnostic Terms  auscultation  percussion  pleural rub  rales (crackles)  sputum  stridor  wheezes

18. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 17 Pathological Terms Upper Respiratory Disorders  croup  diphtheria  epistaxis  pertussis Bronchial Tube Disorders  asthma  bronchiectasis  bronchogenic carcinoma  chronic bronchitis  cystic fibrosis

19. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 18 Pathological Terms (cont’d.) Lung Disorders  atelectasis  emphysema  pneumoconiosis  pneumonia  pulmonary abscess  pulmonary edema  pulmonary embolism (PE)  pulmonary fibrosis  sarcoidosis  tuberculosis (TB)

20. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 19 Pathological Terms, Lung Disorders (cont’d.) Atelectasis  Two forms  Proximal obstruction of distal airways  Accumulations of fluid, blood, or air in pleural cavity

21. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 20 Pathological Terms (cont’d.)  Pleural Disorders  mesothelioma  pleural effusion  pleurisy (pleuritis)  pneumothorax

22. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 21 Pathological Terms, Pleural Disorders (cont’d.) Pneumothorax: Air gathers in the pleural cavity

23. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 22 For Spelling and Meaning  anthracosis  asbestosis  bacilli  chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)  cor pulmonale  exudate  hydrothorax  palliative  paroxysmal  pulmonary infarction  purulent  rhonchi  silicosis

24. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 23 Chapter 12 Lesson 12.3

25. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 24 Clinical Procedures  X-rays  chest x-ray  computed tomography (CT scan of the chest)  pulmonary angiography

26. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 25 Clinical Procedures (cont’d.) X-rays: radiographic imaging

27. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 26 Clinical Procedures (cont’d.) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Magnetic waves create images

28. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 27 Clinical Procedures (cont’d.)  Radioactive Test  Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan: inhalation of radioactive gas for imaging, followed by injection of different radioactive material for imaging

29. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 28 Clinical Procedures (cont’d.) Bronchioscopy: endoscope to bronchial tubes for diagnosis, biopsy, or collection of specimens

30. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 29 Clinical Procedures (cont’d.) Endotracheal intubation: placement of tube from mouth to trachea to establish airway

31. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 30 Clinical Procedures (cont’d.)  laryngoscopy  lung biopsy  mediastinoscopy  pulmonary function tests (PFTs)  thoracentesis  thoracotomy  thorascopy  tracheostomy  tuberculin test  tube thoracostomy

32. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 31 Clinical Procedures (cont’d.) Thoracentesis: surgical puncture to remove fluid from pleural space

33. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 32 Clinical Procedures (cont’d.) Tracheostomy: creation of opening to trachea through the neck