1. Anatomy and Physiology I Bones of the Pelvic Girdle And Lower Limb Instructor: Mary Holman

2. Pelvic girdle 2 coxal (hip) bones united anteriorly at the pubic symphysis Bony Pelvis The complete ring consisting of the pelvic girdle, the pubic symphysis and the sacrum

3. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Sacrum Sacral promontory Sacroiliac joint Acetabulum Pubis Pubic arch Ischium Pubic tubercle Ilium Symphysis pubis Fig. 7.47a Anterior View The Pelvis

4. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Obturator foramen Ischium Coccyx Sacral hiatus Sacrum Ilium Sacral canal Pubis Fig. 7.47b Posterior View The Pelvis Distance between Ischial spines

5. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Iliac crest Ilium Ischium Pubis Ischial tuberosity Ischial spine Obturator foramen Acetabulum Pubic crest Pubic tubercle Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) Posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS) Greater sciatic notch Lesser sciatic notch Fig. 7.48b Right Hip (Coxal) Bone Lateral View Anterior Posterior Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)

6. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) Iliac crest Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) Posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS) Greater sciatic notch Lesser sciatic notch Iliac fossa Ilium Ischium Pubis Ischial spineObturator foramen Fig. 7.48a Right Hip Bone (Coxal) Bone Medial Surface Anterior Posterior Ischial tuberosity Auricular articulating surface

7. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Sacral promontory Flared ilium Pelvic brim or inlet Symphysis pubis or Pubic symphysis Pubic arch Female pelvis Male pelvis Sacral promontory Sacral curvature Fig. 7.49 Anterior view

8. Comparison of the Pectoral vs Pelvic Girdles Pectoral Girdle Pelvic Girdle Not completeComplete Glenoid cavity shallowAcetabulum deep More mobilityLess mobility Less strengthMore strength

9. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Metatarsals Fibula Tibia Tarsals Phalanges Femur Patella Fig. 7.50b Lower Right Limb Anterior view

10. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. © Martin Rotker Fig. 7.47c

11. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Medial epicondyle Patellar surface Lateral epicondyle Greater trochanter Lesser trochanter Neck Head Fig. 7.51a Right Femur Anterior Surface

12. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Courtesy of John W. Hole, Jr. Fig. 8.17b Fovea capitis on the head of a Femur From:Principles of Anatomy & Physiology by Tortora and Grabowski

13. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Lateral condyle Medial condyle Intercondylar fossa Medial epicondyle Gluteal tuberosity Lesser trochanter Head Fovea capitis Linea aspera Fig. 7.51b Lateral epicondyle Right Femur Posterior surface

14. Articulations of Lower Lower Right Limb Anterior View

15. Quadriceps Angle or Q angle

16. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. © Martin Rotker Fig. 7.50a Right Knee Anterior view

17. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Tibia Patella Femur Fibula Lateral view Fig. 7.50c Right Knee Joint

18. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fibula Tibia Lateral condyle Posterior view Medial condyle Femur Fig. 7.50d Right Knee

19. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Medial malleolus Tibia Tibial tuberosity Anterior crest Medial condyle Intercondylar eminence Lateral malleolus Lateral condyle Head of fibula Fibula Fig. 7.52 Anterior View Right Lower Leg Bones

20. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fibula Interosseus membrane of leg Tibia Medial malleolus Anterior tibiofibular ligament (interosseus ligament) Lateral malleolus Fig. 8.1 Syndesmosis (fibrous joint) between the Tibia and Fibula

21. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. © Martin Rotker Fig. 7.53a

22. TibiaFibula Navicular Medial cuneiform Metatarsals (metatarsus ) Phalanges Tarsals (tarsus) Calcaneus Calcaneal tuberosity Talus Fig. 7.53b Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Right Foot

23. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Calcaneus Talus Navicular Cuboid Lateral cuneiform Intermediate cuneiform Proximal phalanx Middle phalanx Distal phalanx Phalanges Metatarsals (metatarsus) Tarsals (tarsus) 5 4 3 2 1 Medial cuneiform Fig. 7.54a Right Foot Superior View

24. Arches of the Right Foot From:Principles of Anatomy & Physiology by Tortora and Grabowski