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The war that changed the world

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Presentation on theme: "The war that changed the world"— Presentation transcript:

1 The war that changed the world
World War II The war that changed the world

2 The Road to World War II Treaty of Versailles ended World War I
It was not based on Wilson’s Fourteen Points and enraged some countries Germany (War Guilt Clause and Reparations) Italy (Didn’t get the land they wanted) Japan (Didn’t get all of the land they wanted) Soviet Union (Left out of the talks)

3 Dictators Gain Power Benito Mussolini Joseph Stalin Adolf Hitler The world wide Depression of the 1930s made it easier for dictators to gain control in many European Countries. There was an increase in militarism during this time period.

4 Acts of Aggression Japan Invades Manchuria and Chinese Cities
League of Nations threatens but takes NO action Japan withdraws from the League of Nations

5 Italy Invades Africa Italy invades Ethiopia
Ethiopian King appeals to League of Nations League of Nations will not sell war supplies or goods to Italy

6 German Aggression Begins
Nazi Party Comes to power Anti - Semitic feelings spread Re armament Hitler/Stalin sign Non-Aggression Pact Hitler comes to power and follows “Mein Kampf” - his goals for Germany

7 German Aggression Germany invades Rhineland Germany annexes Austria
Takes over part of Czechoslovakia League does nothing to stop them.

8 Policy of Appeasement At the Munich Conferences Great Britain and France adopt the policy of Appeasement Appeasement: Giving into the competitor in order to keep peace Germany is allowed to keep the land taken over - BUT can’t take anymore

9 Appeasement, What? After the Munich Conference - Germany continues to invade Germany took over the rest of Czechoslovakia Germany invades Poland (September 1, 1939)

10 The War Begins After Hitler invades Poland France and Great Britain declare war on Germany

11 United States Neutrality
Neutrality Acts declared the US would stay out of war Americans were fearful of getting involved in another European conflict Started Cash and Carry policy

12 The Fall of France The Germans invaded France in 1940
Months later all of France had fallen to the Nazis Charles de Gualle escaped to Great Britain to strategize how to get France back

13 Battle of Britain Germans set out a Blitzkrieg operation in France.
The bombing of Britain lasted for months British never surrendered

14 FDR’s Garden Hose “If your neighbor’s house is on fire you would let him borrow your garden hose” FDR started the “Lend Lease Program” - Loaned war materials to the Allies

15 U.S. Moving Closer to War Nazi victories in 1940 lead to increased U.S. defense spending First peacetime draft enacted—Selective Training and Service Act: Draftees to serve for 1 year in Western Hemisphere only. FDR, Churchill issue Atlantic Charter —joint declaration of war aims Charter is basis of “A Declaration of the United Nations” or Allies

16 Japanese Attack The Japanese need oil from US, we refused to trade with them December 7, 1941 the Japanese attacked the US at Pearl Harbor in the Pacific Ocean 2,403 Americans killed; 1,178 wounded Over 300 aircraft, 21 ships destroyed or damaged

17 Bombing of Pearl Harbor

18 “A day which will live in infamy”

19 US Enters the War December 8, 1941 US declares war on Japan
December 11, 1941 Germany declares war on the United States FDR’s Speech to Congress

20 The American Homefront
The United States government stirs patriotic feelings Movies are used to build morale Propaganda is used to keep war effort going People rationed goods/supplies and started Victory Gardens

21 Continued War Effort

22

23 Women Enter the Workforce

24 Women Enter the Military

25 On the home front Many factories converted to make weapons
Nearly 18 million workers in war industries; 6 million are women Over 2 million minorities hired; face strong discrimination at first • A. Philip Randolph, head of Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters • Organizes march on D.C.; FDR executive order forbids discrimination

26 Ford Plant during WWII

27 African Americans in the Military

28 Mexican Americans in the War Effort

29 Navajo Code Talkers

30 Japanese Americans Many Japanese Americans served heroically for the US in World War II The Nisei Regiment received high honors and awards of distinction for bravery

31 Japanese Americans Interned
Many Americans were distrusting of Japanese Americans Thousands of Japanese Americans were forced into Internment Camps in the Midwest throughout WWII

32 Internment Camp

33 http://peacecorpsonline. org/messages/imagefolder/japaneseinternment

34 http://education. eastwestcenter

35 Invasion of the Soviet Union
Hitler broke the non-aggression pact and invaded the Soviet Union Germans wanted to obtain the Soviet oil fields quickly The Germans were unsuccessful in the winter months

36 Stalingrad Germans tried to siege Russian city of Stalingrad
Russians pushed the Germans out of Stalingrad Turning point on the Eastern Front

37 Fall of Italy Allies moved to Italy
Mussolini was overthrown and moved his government to Northern Italy Allies freed Northern Italy Mussolini was shot and killed by Italians

38 Death of Mussolini

39 D - Day Invasion June 6, 1944 Allies open operation to free France
Landed on the Beaches of Normandy under the command of Dwight D. Eisenhower Heavy loss of life but successful in freeing France

40 Eisenhower Commands

41 Amphibious Landing

42 Battle of the Bulge Nazi’s last offensive attack
Attacked area between France and Germany US soldiers attacked from the rear and defeated the Germans

43 FDR Dies in Office April 1945

44 Victory in Europe Day Soviet army surrounded Berlin
Nazis surrendered to Eisenhower May 7, 1945: V-E Day Hitler refuses to surrender and commits suicide

45 http://shop. wisconsinhistory

46 Hitler’s Final Solution
Holocaust People effected: Jews, Poles, Slavs, Gypsies, homosexuals, disabled, mentally ill 11 million die, over half are Jews

47

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49 1 million pairs of shoes

50 War in the Pacific In first 6 months after Pearl Harbor, Japan conquers empire Gen. Douglas MacArthur leads Allied forces in Philippines March 1942 U.S., Filipino troops trapped on Bataan Peninsula FDR orders MacArthur to leave; thousands of troops remain (says he will return)

51 Prisoners of War Bataan Death March
Shows treatment of POWs in the Pacific 76,000 American and Filipino POWs Forced to march for 61 miles in tropical heat with no food and only a sip of water 10,000 died/executed during march 15,000 killed at end of the march

52

53 War in the Pacific Battle of Midway is won by U.S. after breaking Japanese code. Sink 4 Jap. Aircraft Carriers. Battle is fought entirely in the air. US begins “Island Hopping” beginning with Guadalcanal U.S. starts to Capture islands getting closer to Japan

54 U.S. takes back Philippines
Summer 1944 U.S. attacks Japan in the Philippines Largest naval battle ever fought off shore, 280 warships involved Japan starts the use of kamikaze attacks Japanese soldiers also start suicide attacks

55 Kamikazes

56 Iwo Jima and Okinawa Iwo Jima critical as base from which planes can reach Japan 6,000 marines die taking island; of 20,700 Japanese, 200 survive April 1945 U.S. Marines invade Okinawa 170,000 Japanese defend island, only 10,000 surrender. April–June: 7,600 U.S. troops, 110,000 Japanese die Allies fear invasion of Japan may mean 1.5 million Allied casualties

57 Iwo Jima

58 Japan Surrenders Manhattan Project - U.S. develops atomic bomb (started many years earlier) 1. US Drops first atomic bomb on Hiroshima 2. Soviet Union invades Japan 3. US Drops second atomic bomb on Nagasaki 4. Japan Surrenders

59 Atomic Bomb

60 Hiroshima

61 Hiroshima

62 Victory Over Japan Day

63 The Yalta Conference February 1945, FDR, Churchill, Stalin meet in Yalta to discuss post-war world FDR, Churchill concession: temporarily divide Germany into 4 parts Stalin promises free elections in Eastern Europe; will fight Japan FDR gets support for conference to establish United Nations

64 Effects of World War II Geneva Convention
Set guidelines for POWs Nuremberg Trials -24 Nazi leaders tried, sentenced Formation of Israel Jewish Nation Creation of United Nations Prevent future wars


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