Download presentation
1
The war that changed the world
World War II The war that changed the world
2
The Road to World War II Treaty of Versailles ended World War I
It was not based on Wilson’s Fourteen Points and enraged some countries Germany (War Guilt Clause and Reparations) Italy (Didn’t get the land they wanted) Japan (Didn’t get all of the land they wanted) Soviet Union (Left out of the talks)
3
Dictators Gain Power Benito Mussolini Joseph Stalin Adolf Hitler The world wide Depression of the 1930s made it easier for dictators to gain control in many European Countries. There was an increase in militarism during this time period.
4
Acts of Aggression Japan Invades Manchuria and Chinese Cities
League of Nations threatens but takes NO action Japan withdraws from the League of Nations
5
Italy Invades Africa Italy invades Ethiopia
Ethiopian King appeals to League of Nations League of Nations will not sell war supplies or goods to Italy
6
German Aggression Begins
Nazi Party Comes to power Anti - Semitic feelings spread Re armament Hitler/Stalin sign Non-Aggression Pact Hitler comes to power and follows “Mein Kampf” - his goals for Germany
7
German Aggression Germany invades Rhineland Germany annexes Austria
Takes over part of Czechoslovakia League does nothing to stop them.
8
Policy of Appeasement At the Munich Conferences Great Britain and France adopt the policy of Appeasement Appeasement: Giving into the competitor in order to keep peace Germany is allowed to keep the land taken over - BUT can’t take anymore
9
Appeasement, What? After the Munich Conference - Germany continues to invade Germany took over the rest of Czechoslovakia Germany invades Poland (September 1, 1939)
10
The War Begins After Hitler invades Poland France and Great Britain declare war on Germany
11
United States Neutrality
Neutrality Acts declared the US would stay out of war Americans were fearful of getting involved in another European conflict Started Cash and Carry policy
12
The Fall of France The Germans invaded France in 1940
Months later all of France had fallen to the Nazis Charles de Gualle escaped to Great Britain to strategize how to get France back
13
Battle of Britain Germans set out a Blitzkrieg operation in France.
The bombing of Britain lasted for months British never surrendered
14
FDR’s Garden Hose “If your neighbor’s house is on fire you would let him borrow your garden hose” FDR started the “Lend Lease Program” - Loaned war materials to the Allies
15
U.S. Moving Closer to War Nazi victories in 1940 lead to increased U.S. defense spending First peacetime draft enacted—Selective Training and Service Act: Draftees to serve for 1 year in Western Hemisphere only. FDR, Churchill issue Atlantic Charter —joint declaration of war aims Charter is basis of “A Declaration of the United Nations” or Allies
16
Japanese Attack The Japanese need oil from US, we refused to trade with them December 7, 1941 the Japanese attacked the US at Pearl Harbor in the Pacific Ocean 2,403 Americans killed; 1,178 wounded Over 300 aircraft, 21 ships destroyed or damaged
17
Bombing of Pearl Harbor
18
“A day which will live in infamy”
19
US Enters the War December 8, 1941 US declares war on Japan
December 11, 1941 Germany declares war on the United States FDR’s Speech to Congress
20
The American Homefront
The United States government stirs patriotic feelings Movies are used to build morale Propaganda is used to keep war effort going People rationed goods/supplies and started Victory Gardens
21
Continued War Effort
23
Women Enter the Workforce
24
Women Enter the Military
25
On the home front Many factories converted to make weapons
Nearly 18 million workers in war industries; 6 million are women Over 2 million minorities hired; face strong discrimination at first • A. Philip Randolph, head of Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters • Organizes march on D.C.; FDR executive order forbids discrimination
26
Ford Plant during WWII
27
African Americans in the Military
28
Mexican Americans in the War Effort
29
Navajo Code Talkers
30
Japanese Americans Many Japanese Americans served heroically for the US in World War II The Nisei Regiment received high honors and awards of distinction for bravery
31
Japanese Americans Interned
Many Americans were distrusting of Japanese Americans Thousands of Japanese Americans were forced into Internment Camps in the Midwest throughout WWII
32
Internment Camp
33
http://peacecorpsonline. org/messages/imagefolder/japaneseinternment
34
http://education. eastwestcenter
35
Invasion of the Soviet Union
Hitler broke the non-aggression pact and invaded the Soviet Union Germans wanted to obtain the Soviet oil fields quickly The Germans were unsuccessful in the winter months
36
Stalingrad Germans tried to siege Russian city of Stalingrad
Russians pushed the Germans out of Stalingrad Turning point on the Eastern Front
37
Fall of Italy Allies moved to Italy
Mussolini was overthrown and moved his government to Northern Italy Allies freed Northern Italy Mussolini was shot and killed by Italians
38
Death of Mussolini
39
D - Day Invasion June 6, 1944 Allies open operation to free France
Landed on the Beaches of Normandy under the command of Dwight D. Eisenhower Heavy loss of life but successful in freeing France
40
Eisenhower Commands
41
Amphibious Landing
42
Battle of the Bulge Nazi’s last offensive attack
Attacked area between France and Germany US soldiers attacked from the rear and defeated the Germans
43
FDR Dies in Office April 1945
44
Victory in Europe Day Soviet army surrounded Berlin
Nazis surrendered to Eisenhower May 7, 1945: V-E Day Hitler refuses to surrender and commits suicide
45
http://shop. wisconsinhistory
46
Hitler’s Final Solution
Holocaust People effected: Jews, Poles, Slavs, Gypsies, homosexuals, disabled, mentally ill 11 million die, over half are Jews
49
1 million pairs of shoes
50
War in the Pacific In first 6 months after Pearl Harbor, Japan conquers empire Gen. Douglas MacArthur leads Allied forces in Philippines March 1942 U.S., Filipino troops trapped on Bataan Peninsula FDR orders MacArthur to leave; thousands of troops remain (says he will return)
51
Prisoners of War Bataan Death March
Shows treatment of POWs in the Pacific 76,000 American and Filipino POWs Forced to march for 61 miles in tropical heat with no food and only a sip of water 10,000 died/executed during march 15,000 killed at end of the march
53
War in the Pacific Battle of Midway is won by U.S. after breaking Japanese code. Sink 4 Jap. Aircraft Carriers. Battle is fought entirely in the air. US begins “Island Hopping” beginning with Guadalcanal U.S. starts to Capture islands getting closer to Japan
54
U.S. takes back Philippines
Summer 1944 U.S. attacks Japan in the Philippines Largest naval battle ever fought off shore, 280 warships involved Japan starts the use of kamikaze attacks Japanese soldiers also start suicide attacks
55
Kamikazes
56
Iwo Jima and Okinawa Iwo Jima critical as base from which planes can reach Japan 6,000 marines die taking island; of 20,700 Japanese, 200 survive April 1945 U.S. Marines invade Okinawa 170,000 Japanese defend island, only 10,000 surrender. April–June: 7,600 U.S. troops, 110,000 Japanese die Allies fear invasion of Japan may mean 1.5 million Allied casualties
57
Iwo Jima
58
Japan Surrenders Manhattan Project - U.S. develops atomic bomb (started many years earlier) 1. US Drops first atomic bomb on Hiroshima 2. Soviet Union invades Japan 3. US Drops second atomic bomb on Nagasaki 4. Japan Surrenders
59
Atomic Bomb
60
Hiroshima
61
Hiroshima
62
Victory Over Japan Day
63
The Yalta Conference February 1945, FDR, Churchill, Stalin meet in Yalta to discuss post-war world FDR, Churchill concession: temporarily divide Germany into 4 parts Stalin promises free elections in Eastern Europe; will fight Japan FDR gets support for conference to establish United Nations
64
Effects of World War II Geneva Convention
Set guidelines for POWs Nuremberg Trials -24 Nazi leaders tried, sentenced Formation of Israel Jewish Nation Creation of United Nations Prevent future wars
Similar presentations
© 2024 SlidePlayer.com Inc.
All rights reserved.