1. CHAPTER 10: THE JEFFERSON ERA Section 2: The Louisiana Purchase and Exploration Today we will summarize the purchase of the Louisiana Territory and its exploration.

2. What We Already Know Thomas Jefferson wanted America to remain a nation of small towns and independent farmers.

3. What We Already Know Jefferson was a strict constructionist, meaning he believed the government could only do what it was specifically empowered to do by the Constitution.

4. What We Already Know Even before the war for independence, Americans were eager to move west into new lands.

6. Trans- Appalachia Wooded; rolling hills and flatlands Well-watered Humid summers, cold winters Settlers by the thousands moving in, displacing the Native Americans

7. The Great Plains Flat, rolling plains Rocky Mountains Great Basin (desert) Treeless; few rivers Hot, dry summers; bitterly cold winters France and Spain Nomadic Plains Indians (horse culture) Non-migratory Indians in the Southwest

8. The Pacific Coast Mild weather; rainy in the Northwest, dry in the Southwest Sierra Mountains, Cascades, Coast Ranges, Central Valley Many natural harbors Spain, Russia, Britain, the United States in competition Many Indian groups of various cultures

9. The West in 1800 In the 1800s, thousands of settlers moved westward across the Appalachian Mountains. Kentucky and Tennessee had become states by 1800. In the 1800s, thousands of settlers moved westward across the Appalachian Mountains. Kentucky and Tennessee had become states by 1800.

10. The West in 1800 France and Spain were negotiating for ownership of the Louisiana Territory – the vast region between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains.

11. The West in 1800 Along the Pacific coast, Spain, Russia, Great Britain, and the United States were establishing settlements.

12. The West in 1800 As the number of westerners grew, so did their political power.As the number of westerners grew, so did their political power. An important issue for many settlers was the use of the Mississippi River and the port of New Orleans. Westerners used the river and port to send their goods to east coast markets. As the number of westerners grew, so did their political power.As the number of westerners grew, so did their political power. An important issue for many settlers was the use of the Mississippi River and the port of New Orleans. Westerners used the river and port to send their goods to east coast markets.

13. Napoleon and New Orleans After losing the French and Indian War in 1763, France turned Louisiana over to Spain.After losing the French and Indian War in 1763, France turned Louisiana over to Spain. In 1800, Spain secretly agreed to return the Louisiana Territory, including New Orleans, to France.In 1800, Spain secretly agreed to return the Louisiana Territory, including New Orleans, to France. After losing the French and Indian War in 1763, France turned Louisiana over to Spain.After losing the French and Indian War in 1763, France turned Louisiana over to Spain. In 1800, Spain secretly agreed to return the Louisiana Territory, including New Orleans, to France.In 1800, Spain secretly agreed to return the Louisiana Territory, including New Orleans, to France.

14. Napoleon and New Orleans Just before turning the colony over to France, Spain closed New Orleans to U.S. ships, in violation of the Pinckney treaty.Just before turning the colony over to France, Spain closed New Orleans to U.S. ships, in violation of the Pinckney treaty. Angry Westerners called for war against Spain and France.Angry Westerners called for war against Spain and France. To avoid war, Jefferson offered to buy the port of New Orleans from France for $2 million.To avoid war, Jefferson offered to buy the port of New Orleans from France for $2 million. France offered to sell the entire Louisiana Territory to the United States for $15 million.France offered to sell the entire Louisiana Territory to the United States for $15 million. Just before turning the colony over to France, Spain closed New Orleans to U.S. ships, in violation of the Pinckney treaty.Just before turning the colony over to France, Spain closed New Orleans to U.S. ships, in violation of the Pinckney treaty. Angry Westerners called for war against Spain and France.Angry Westerners called for war against Spain and France. To avoid war, Jefferson offered to buy the port of New Orleans from France for $2 million.To avoid war, Jefferson offered to buy the port of New Orleans from France for $2 million. France offered to sell the entire Louisiana Territory to the United States for $15 million.France offered to sell the entire Louisiana Territory to the United States for $15 million.

15. Napoleon and New Orleans Napoleon had several reasons for selling the land. The first reason had to do with a profitable French colony in the Caribbean called Santo Domingo. Napoleon had several reasons for selling the land. The first reason had to do with a profitable French colony in the Caribbean called Santo Domingo.

16. Napoleon and New Orleans All the land on Santo Domingo was used for growing sugar, so food had to be grown elsewhere.All the land on Santo Domingo was used for growing sugar, so food had to be grown elsewhere. Napoleon planned to use land in the Louisiana Territory for farms to feed the slaves in Santo Domingo.Napoleon planned to use land in the Louisiana Territory for farms to feed the slaves in Santo Domingo. All the land on Santo Domingo was used for growing sugar, so food had to be grown elsewhere.All the land on Santo Domingo was used for growing sugar, so food had to be grown elsewhere. Napoleon planned to use land in the Louisiana Territory for farms to feed the slaves in Santo Domingo.Napoleon planned to use land in the Louisiana Territory for farms to feed the slaves in Santo Domingo.

17. Napoleon and New Orleans In 1801, a slave named Toussaint L’Ouverture led a violent slave uprising against the French colonists.

18. Napoleon and New Orleans Though Napoleon sent in French troops, they were unable to put down the revolt.Though Napoleon sent in French troops, they were unable to put down the revolt. Without a profitable slave colony to feed, Louisiana was of no use to Napoleon.Without a profitable slave colony to feed, Louisiana was of no use to Napoleon. Though Napoleon sent in French troops, they were unable to put down the revolt.Though Napoleon sent in French troops, they were unable to put down the revolt. Without a profitable slave colony to feed, Louisiana was of no use to Napoleon.Without a profitable slave colony to feed, Louisiana was of no use to Napoleon.

19. Napoleon and New Orleans Napoleon also was involved in a costly war with Britain. He decided he needed money more than he needed Louisiana. Napoleon also was involved in a costly war with Britain. He decided he needed money more than he needed Louisiana.

20. Napoleon and New Orleans Napoleon also feared he might lose New Orleans to the aggressive Americans. It would be better to sell it than have it be over-run by American settlers. Napoleon also feared he might lose New Orleans to the aggressive Americans. It would be better to sell it than have it be over-run by American settlers.

21. Jefferson and Louisiana New Orleans as an outlet for shipping the products of Western farmers More land for farming, which was consistent with his vision for America’s future Access to the Pacific and trade with Asia New Orleans as an outlet for shipping the products of Western farmers More land for farming, which was consistent with his vision for America’s future Access to the Pacific and trade with Asia

22. The Louisiana Purchase Jefferson’s dilemma: strict construction of the Constitution or the greatest land deal of all time. On April 30, 1803, the Louisiana Purchase treaty was approved by the Senate, giving the United States the port of New Orleans and doubling the size of the country. Jefferson’s dilemma: strict construction of the Constitution or the greatest land deal of all time. On April 30, 1803, the Louisiana Purchase treaty was approved by the Senate, giving the United States the port of New Orleans and doubling the size of the country.

23. Lewis and Clark Explore After purchasing the Louisiana Territory from France, Jefferson planned an expedition to explore it. He chose Captain Meriwether Lewis to lead the expedition. Lewis chose his old friend Lieutenant William Clark to put together a volunteer force for the trip. Clark was skilled as a mapmaker and outdoorsman. The expedition called itself the Corps of Discovery.

24. Lewis and Clark Explore Lewis and Clark spent several weeks gathering a group of volunteers. They stayed in the town of St. Louis throughout the winter. In May 1804, the explorers left St. Louis and headed up the Missouri River.

25. Lewis and Clark Explore Clark was accompanied by York, his African-American slave. York’s hunting skills won him many admirers among the Native Americans met by the explorers. The first black man that many Indians had ever seen, York became something of a celebrity among them.

26. Up the Missouri River In May 1804, the explorers left St. Louis and headed up the Missouri River.In May 1804, the explorers left St. Louis and headed up the Missouri River. Their mission:Their mission: use the Missouri and Columbia Rivers to find a water route across the country;use the Missouri and Columbia Rivers to find a water route across the country; establish good relations with Native Americans along the way;establish good relations with Native Americans along the way; and write scientific accounts of the landscapes, plants, and animals they sawand write scientific accounts of the landscapes, plants, and animals they saw. In May 1804, the explorers left St. Louis and headed up the Missouri River.In May 1804, the explorers left St. Louis and headed up the Missouri River. Their mission:Their mission: use the Missouri and Columbia Rivers to find a water route across the country;use the Missouri and Columbia Rivers to find a water route across the country; establish good relations with Native Americans along the way;establish good relations with Native Americans along the way; and write scientific accounts of the landscapes, plants, and animals they sawand write scientific accounts of the landscapes, plants, and animals they saw.

27. Up the Missouri River By winter, the explorers had reached North Dakota, and stayed with the Mandan Indians.By winter, the explorers had reached North Dakota, and stayed with the Mandan Indians. In the spring of 1805, the expedition set out again accompanied by Sacagawea, a Shoshone Indian woman.In the spring of 1805, the expedition set out again accompanied by Sacagawea, a Shoshone Indian woman. Her language skills and knowledge of geography helped Lewis and ClarkHer language skills and knowledge of geography helped Lewis and Clark. By winter, the explorers had reached North Dakota, and stayed with the Mandan Indians.By winter, the explorers had reached North Dakota, and stayed with the Mandan Indians. In the spring of 1805, the expedition set out again accompanied by Sacagawea, a Shoshone Indian woman.In the spring of 1805, the expedition set out again accompanied by Sacagawea, a Shoshone Indian woman. Her language skills and knowledge of geography helped Lewis and ClarkHer language skills and knowledge of geography helped Lewis and Clark.

28. On to the Pacific Ocean As the explorers traveled toward the Rocky Mountains, Sacagawea pointed out Shoshone lands. When they finally made contact with the chief, he recognized Sacagawea as his sister. With the help of the Shoshone, the Corps of Discovery crossed the Rocky Mountains. As the explorers traveled toward the Rocky Mountains, Sacagawea pointed out Shoshone lands. When they finally made contact with the chief, he recognized Sacagawea as his sister. With the help of the Shoshone, the Corps of Discovery crossed the Rocky Mountains.

29. On to the Pacific Ocean After leaving the Shoshone, the Corps of Discovery then journeyed to the Columbia River, which led them to the Pacific Ocean in 1805. They spent a long, rain-soaked winter before starting back to St. Louis the next spring. After leaving the Shoshone, the Corps of Discovery then journeyed to the Columbia River, which led them to the Pacific Ocean in 1805. They spent a long, rain-soaked winter before starting back to St. Louis the next spring.

30. On to the Pacific Ocean In 1806, the explorers returned to the East.In 1806, the explorers returned to the East. They brought back valuable scientific and geographic information. In 1806, the explorers returned to the East.In 1806, the explorers returned to the East. They brought back valuable scientific and geographic information.

31. Pike’s Expedition In 1806, Zebulon Pike left St. Louis to explore southern areas of Louisiana. Pike’s mission was to find the headwaters of the Arkansas and Red Rivers near Spanish territory. Pike’s party followed the Arkansas River toward the Rocky Mountains, then turned south. In 1806, Zebulon Pike left St. Louis to explore southern areas of Louisiana. Pike’s mission was to find the headwaters of the Arkansas and Red Rivers near Spanish territory. Pike’s party followed the Arkansas River toward the Rocky Mountains, then turned south.

32. Pike’s Expedition Hoping to run into the Red River, they instead ran into the Rio Grande, in Spanish territory. They were arrested by Spanish troops and held prisoner until 1807.They were arrested by Spanish troops and held prisoner until 1807. They returned with important descriptions of the Great Plains and the valley of the Rio Grande.They returned with important descriptions of the Great Plains and the valley of the Rio Grande. They were arrested by Spanish troops and held prisoner until 1807.They were arrested by Spanish troops and held prisoner until 1807. They returned with important descriptions of the Great Plains and the valley of the Rio Grande.They returned with important descriptions of the Great Plains and the valley of the Rio Grande.