1. Industrial Revolution
Britain Leads the Way
Chapter 5, Section 2

2. Focus Question
What key factors allowed Britain to lead the way in the Industrial Revolution?

3. Why did Britain become the First Country to Industrialize?
Plentiful natural resources
Ports/natural harbors to ship goods worldwide
Rivers (water for power)
Canals (transport trade)
Britain surrounded by sea
Abundant coal supplies
Supplies of iron to build machines

4. British Workforce Skilled mechanics and ready workforce
Population explosion led to high demand for goods
Available money
Overseas trade contributed to prosperous British economy

5. Other factors contributed to the rise of industries in Great Britain

6. Capital
Plenty capital (money) to loan and invest in new factories, mines, railroads, and enterprises (a business organization)

7. British Parliament
Stable government and political system in Britain that supported economic growth
Other countries were experiencing revolutions that destabilized the government

8. Powerful British Navy
Strong navy to protect British trade, her empire, and overseas trade
“The sun never set on the British empire”

9. Entrepreneurs
New entrepreneurs (assume financial risks of starting new business) emerged

10. Interactive Geography Map
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Type mzp-1921 in the web code box and click “go”
On the next page click “continue”
Click on the ► at the bottom of the page to start the video. Turn on the volume on your speakers for the sound.

11. Textile Industry
Industrial Revolution began in British textile (cloth) industry
British merchants developed a cotton cloth industry called the putting-out system
In the putting-out system, the raw cotton was given to peasant families
Families spun the cotton into thread in their cottages and then wove the thread into home-made cloth
But production was really s-l-o-w under the putting-out system

12. Putting Out System

13. Making Cloth By Hand Was Time-Consuming and Slow
New Inventions were Needed to Speed Cloth Production

14. New Inventions Faster inventions increased speed of cloth production
Flying Shuttle (John Kay)
Spinning Jenny – (James Hargreaves)
Water Frame – 1769 – Richard Arkwright – spinning machine powered by water
Cotton Gin – Eli Whitney – 1793 – separate seeds from raw cotton at fast rate – cotton production increased
Cotton Gin

15. Flying Shuttle by John Kay (1733)

16. Spinning Jenny by James Hargreaves (1764)
By turning a single wheel, the operator could now spin eight threads at once. Clothing could be produced faster.

17. Water Frame by Richard Arkwright (1769)
The water frame was powered by water. The disadvantage was that the machine had to be next to a water source.

18. Cotton Gin – Eli Whitney (1793)
Eli Whitney's Cotton Gin : In 1794, Eli Whitney received a patent for his cotton gin, which separated cotton fibers from seeds. The machine's success led to both massive growth in American cotton production and a substantial increase in the importation of slave labor.

19. Factories The new machines destroyed the putting out system
The machines were too large to operate in a cottage setting
Manufacturers built factories along rivers/streams to use water as power source – rivers polluted with factory waste
Cloth spinners/weavers operated the large machines in factories
Workers manufactured more products using machines than by hand → the speed of cloth manufacturing increased

20. Transportation Problems
More goods were being produced
But transportation methods were slow and expensive
A horse and cart could only carry so many goods from one destination to another
The time to get the goods from the factory to the target destination was too long

21. Transportation Revolution
Need to develop faster and cheaper means to transport the machine-produced products
Turnpikes, canals, bridges, and harbors were constructed
Canals cut the shipping time and thus the price of coal
Development of steam locomotive caused shipping by canal to diminish – railroads could now travel where a canal was not located

22. Railroads could travel where canals were not located
Canals vs. Railroads
Railroads could travel where canals were not located

23. Steam Locomotive
Steam powered locomotive – pioneered by George Stephenson
Products could be shipped quickly and cheaply over land
First major rail line – Liverpool to Manchester – opened in 1830
Railroad construction boomed in Britain and Europe

24. Liverpool to Manchester Railway

25. George Stephenson’s Steam Locomotive

26. Chain Reaction: Effects of Industrial Revolution
Machines produced goods faster than by hand
Prices fell
Lower prices made goods more affordable to more people
More consumers demanded the cheaper goods
Factories produced more goods and hired more workers to meet the demand
New wave of economic and social changes occurred – some were good changes – some were bad changes

27. Powerpoint Questions
1. What is the name of the cloth industry where families manufactured the cloth in their cottages?
2. Who invented the cotton gin? What year?
3. The world’s first major rail line stretched from ___ to ___.
4. An entrepreneur is a type of (circle one)
a. scientist
b. inventor
c. business person
d. personal secretary

28. Powerpoint Questions
5. The first area to go through major industrialization was ______.
a. banking b. railroads
c. coal mining d. textile production
6. Which was a geographic advantage for England in the Industrial Revolution?
a. coastal mountains b. moderate climate
c. natural harbors d. year-round agriculture

29. Powerpoint Questions
7. The two essential natural resources for industrialization were
a. coal and iron. b. gold and silver.
c. water and trees. d. steel and oil.

30. Powerpoint Questions
8. Where were the earliest textile factories located in England?
a. near the harbors b. on farms
c. in the middle of large cities d. on the banks of rivers
9. England benefitted from an excellent transportation system that allowed goods to be transported to and from factories. These included --
a. carts, trains, and airplanes b. trains, rivers, and canals
c. ships, cars, and trains d. horses, trains, and turnpikes