1. Bell Ringer What is Imperialism? What is a sphere of influence?
What is the “White Man’s Burden”?

2. Bell Ringer How is New Imperialism different from Old imperialism?
What modern day country was once called Siam?
What is the Suez Canal?

3. Bell Ringer Where are Laos, Cambodia, and Siam located?
What South East Asian country did the US control?
What is the Panama Canal?

4. CH 17: Imperialism

5. Origins of Imperialism
The Industrial Revolution had led to the massive increase of production and consumption.
This caused European nations (America Later) to find new markets to sell their goods, and new areas to obtain raw materials from
Imperialism is the practice where a state takes political and economic control of an area beyond its boarders
Though some areas will avoid imperialism (Japan, Thailand, Iran, & Afghanistan) large parts of the world were affected

6. World before Imperialism

8. In Old Imperialism Europeans would take control of a land, sail into a port, pick up goods (spices, products, slaves), paid in silver, and sailed away.
Under New Imperialism Europeans still took control of these areas, but now they took more control of the politics and economics of these foreign lands.
New Imperialism

9. Political & Socio-Economic Factors
Politically Europeans engaged in Imperialism as a way to control key areas (and deprive their competition of it)
Socio-Economically European nations needed imperialism.
Mid-late 1800s Europe experienced unemployment, poverty, and strikes
The ability to conquer and control foreign territory was a source of national pride, and one that helped people forget problems at home

10. White Man’s Burden
Europeans also viewed themselves as superior to many parts of the world
It became a culturally accepted belief that it was their duty to help “civilize” the less developed people of the world
British Poet Rudyard Kipling famously called this the, “White Man’s Burden.”
Though this point of view was extremely racist, it helped to justify European actions

12. White Man’s Burden

13. White Man’s Burden

14. Imperialism In Asia South Asia India
The British East India Company controlled Indian for a period of time
The “Great Rebellion” broke out in India because the British had ignored very specific Hindu & Muslim religious beliefs regarding animal fat
The British would regain control, but would take more direct control over the area. Parliament would almost directly control the Raj (Ruler)
Later the high ranking officials in India would be groomed by Europeans. They would sit in high positions, but never actually created laws or policies.
Imperialism In Asia

15. Imperialism in Asia Central & Southwest Asia Iran
Russia had systematically been expanding southwards since the 1500s
Britain saw this as a threat and the two empires clashed
The British and Russians would have independence spheres of influence in Persia
Afghanistan acted as a buffer (Meaning neither could take it over)
Imperialism in Asia

17. Imperialism in Asia East Asia
China suffered greatly from European Imperialism
Though the Chinese were a developed nation, they could not match the technology of Europeans
Germany, France, Russia, Britain and Japan would all claim areas of China as their own
The Japanese also displayed their changed island by defeating the Chinese and Russians in separate wars
Imperialism in Asia

19. Imperialism in Asia South East Asia
Britain had expanded over from Indian into SE Asia claiming Burma, parts of Mainland Malaysia, and Singapore
The French claimed Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, and parts of Indonesia because of a history of religious missions in those areas
The Spanish would gain control of the Philippines, but later lose it to the United States
Siam (Thailand was free)

21. Africa Africa will become the next main area that Europeans colonized.
Originally Europeans had colonies close to the coast so they could pick up shipments of gold and slaves
Eventually they will claim much of the continent with little regard for natural borders.

23. Boers or Afrikaners
The British who settled in South Africa became known as Boers or Afrikaners
They constantly moved inland in search of better land, and for that reason came into conflict with African Natives (whom the Boers enslaved)
Once the British outlawed slavery the Boers formed three republics where slavery was legal. The British would annex one, but legally recognize the other two

24. The British and Boers would come into conflict on numerous occasions, and eventually fight two wars in 1881 and 1899 known as the Boer Wars
South Africa also experienced an economic boom from the diamond and gold deposits found in the area
1880, due to increase economic activity on the continent, and more land being claimed, the Scramble for Africa would begin

25. Scramble for Africa
Egypt was an important region during the Scramble for Africa.
Both the British and the French had invested in Egypt, and were concerned with the nations well being
A major reason for the concern was the Suez Canal, which was built with the help of the French, and extensively used by the British

26. Britain would invade Egypt to help “stabilize” it
French would expand their territorial possessions from Algeria
Germans would claim portions of both African Coast
Dutch would claim the Congo Valley River Basin
The European powers would hold a conference to discuss the well being of Africa
Really numerous back room deals were made where boarders were drawn up
The Africans had no representation at this meeting.

27. There was resistance across Africa to much of the Imperialist attempts by European powers
The King of Ethiopia had modernized his country, including his rather large military
Italy attempted to conquer Ethiopia, but suffered huge casualties for their effort
Ethiopia would be recognized as a sovereign and independent nation
Ethiopia

28. Imperialism in Latin America
Numerous nations in Latin America had won their independence in the 1800s
The British, and other European powers, still saw opportunities in Latin America
They wanted nations they were trading partners with to become more economically important, so European nations would influence or hinder Latin American nations to their benefit.

29. Americas for Americans
In 1832, James Monroe closed the American Continents to “Future colonization by any European powers.”
This is known as the Monroe Doctrine.
In 1904 Theodor Roosevelt would Introduce the Roosevelt Corollary
He said it was the US’ job to protect the weak countries of the Western Hemisphere and to act as “international police power.”
Americas for Americans

31. The US would become involved in the Spanish American War
By declaring the Roosevelt Corollary President Roosevelt did two things
Stated Europe had no reason to interfere in Latin America
The US was now strong enough to fight off European Powers if they needed to
Roosevelt’s threat did not stop the British or French from establishing and officially claiming lands in South America, but it did slow them down.
The US would become involved in the Spanish American War

32. The Spanish American War
The US would get involved in the Spanish American war to aid Cuba
The War lasted only 4 months and the US easily won
The official peace stated:
Cuba gets their independence, but permanently leases a military base at Guantanamo Bay to the USA
The Platt Amendment & Teller Amendment will stop the US from annexing Cuba
The US gets Puerto Rico and Guam
The US gains the Philippines in exchange for $20 Million.
So Europeans shouldn’t mess with Latin America… but the US could

33. Panama Canal
Roosevelt was annoyed that during the Spanish American War ships had to sail around South American to get to the Philippines
Roosevelt tried to buy the land but was turned down, so instead encouraged the Panamanian people to rebel against Columbia.
The 2 biggest obstacles to overcome were disease & geography
It took 10 years and 40,000 workers but the canal was completed

34. Imperialism:
Good
Bad
Europe came to view foreign nations as people with skills -> Slavery was bad (by 1888 outlawed in ALL Western Countries)
Western medicine helped cure diseases
Infrastructure (roads, bridges, etc) greatly improved in countries to aid trade
Lots of people (natives) died trying to resist stronger European armies
Destruction of native cultures, traditions, religions
Nations lost their identity starting decades long independence movements