1. Roman Clothing

2. Clothing design and purpose
revealed social status
signified rank, status, office and authority.

3. Sumptuary Laws Dictated
type of clothes and included
the types of material and fabrics,
the style of the clothes
the color that people were allowed to wear
only Emperor allowed to entirely purple toga
The clothes that men wore, therefore, immediately reflected their status in society.

4. Basic garment Tunica made from spun wool provided more room to move
knee-length, short-sleeved shirt
belted at the waist
worn largely by the plebians, slaves, and freedmen
undergarment for higher-class citizens
provided more room to move
cooler in the hot summer months

5. Tunica Gladiators Slaves Poor Non-citizen Undergarment For citizens.
Used for warmth
Worn casually

6. Toga Official garment of Rome Several types of togas
Originally Etruscan for men and women
Roman Republic- exclusively male Roman citizens
Several types of togas
worn by different populations of Roman citizens

7. Toga
late toga virilis
early toga virilis

8. Toga continued large single piece of cloth.
ideal ceremonial toga was three times the wearer's height plus his waist measurement.
Its width would be seven or eight feet, also depending on the wearer's height and girth.
The corners were severely rounded
Oval shape (literally egg-shaped, with the one end rounded less than the other

9. Roman boys White, knee-length tunicas wore a bulla Age 16 or 17
featured a thin purple border
wore a bulla
pouch attached to a chain worn around the neck
contained various protective charms
Age 16 or 17
declared a man and citizen
changed into a solid white tunic -- toga virilis

10. Dressing in a toga Difficult with so much material
Two slaves helped Romans dress
Where to put pecunia or speeches?
Slaves carried items for masters
Sinus- folded part at right hip, rising in front of body-acted as pocket

11. Sinus
sinus
The elaborate folds of the later toga allowed for a substantial sinus, used as a small pocket.

12. Toga style Usually natural wool color
Political candidates bleach togas or whiten with chalk
easily seen and recognized in crowds.
candida (bright) aut sordita (dirty, worn)
Derivative "candidate
the brightened toga was the toga candida (candida = bright)
toga candida may help with election but
also source of derision in drama and on streets
Derivative “sordid”
If wearer had disarranged hair and is messy
either wearer seeking big favor from patron or
appearing as accused in civil law court
“variation of "I am too poor and distraught to take care of myself, so please have pity."

13. When a boy becomes a man…
Etruscans
narrow maroon stripe added to one side of cloth (never really purple)
Toga praetexta –
Young boys wore narrow-striped version
Toga virilis- manly toga
Around age 16
feast of Liberalia usually in March
Certain magistrates, priests also wore narrow-striped toga
but person old enough that not mistaken for boy

14. Toga praetexta

15. Roman Women Early Etruscan period and early pre- republican monarchy
women wore togas (but this changed)
strategically draped so no male gawking
rapidly went out of style
some scholars connect it to Sabine women
loosely draped toga on woman became sign of a loose woman -- only prostitutes wore them.
(story) Agrippina the Younger, Nero's mother, appeared in public in toga
To emphasize her power and man-like authority
mob whispered "harlot" after she passed.

16. Roman Women Unmarried Roman women
Wore a tunic similar to the Greek chiton
Shorter sleeves, belted, adorned with pins to shape the garment into different styles.
Woman’s status determined color, fabric
married Roman women wore a stola,
looser tunic, long, sleeveless with straps at shoulders,
gathered at the waist.
a pulla used to cover head and hair when out in public

17. strophium et subligaculum
First bikini?
Undergarments
strophium et subligaculum
leather, cloth

18. Two Styles of the Chiton
Female tunica
Two Styles of the Chiton
(Female Tunica)

19. Chiton

20. The chitons could be secured with brooches known as fibulae

21. Stola and palla

22. Jewelry

23. More jewelry

24. Popular hairstyles

25. Footwear
Caliga- shoes worn by Roman soldiers

26. Footwear Socccus were slippers without upper work used for indoor
wear by both sexes
Solea were slippers with
upper work commonly worn
during feasts or banquets
very poor were barefoot
poor wore wooden shoes.

27. Signet ring

28. Dressing up!