1. 10.1: Slavery, States’ Rights, & Western Expansion
How did Congress try to resolve the dispute between North and South over slavery?
Contrast the economies, societies, and political views of the North and the South.
Describe the role of the Free-Soil Party in the election of 1848.
Analyze why slavery in the territories was a divisive issue between North and South and how Congress tried to settle the issue in 1850.

2. The North, a manufacturing society The South, an agricultural society
Contrast the economies, societies, and political views of the North and the South.
NOTES
The North, a manufacturing society
The South, an agricultural society
Cities and towns were trade centers
Factories and farms produced goods
Paid labor source, few slaves
Many immigrants
Cities and towns were few and far between
Large plantations and small farms were source of wealth
Enslaved labor force of African Americans
Few immigrants

3. The North and the South had very different views of slavery.
Contrast the economies, societies, and political views of the North and the South.
The North and the South had very different views of slavery.

4. Contrast the economies, societies, and political views of the North and the South.
NOTES
Slavery and the North
Slavery and the South
Few people had slaves and slavery ended by 1860.
Slavery was an integral part of life with over 1 million enslaved African Americans.
Early in the 1800s, some northerners began to work for the abolition of slavery.
Many believed God intended blacks to provide labor for whites.
Many northern states limited the rights and migration of free African Americans, so many white northerners had little contact with them.
Southerners claimed that enslaved people were healthier and happier than northern wage earners.

5. Contrast the economies, societies, and political views of the North and the South.
10.1

6. NOTES

7. The North and South had different views about new territories.
Contrast the economies, societies, and political views of the North and the South.
The North and South had different views about new territories.
The North wanted the new territories to be free states.
The South wanted the new territories to be slave states.

8. It was defeated, but it brought the slavery issue into public debate.
Analyze why slavery in the territories was a divisive issue between North and South and how Congress tried to settle the issue in 1850.
In 1846, the Wilmot Proviso stated that all lands acquired from Mexico would be free territories.
It was defeated, but it brought the slavery issue into public debate.
Keeping a balance between free and slave states became the focus of Congress.

9. Describe the role of the Free-Soil Party in the election of 1848.
In the election of 1848, the two political parties, the Democrats and the Whigs, split over the issue of slavery and a third party was formed, the Free-Soil Party.

10. Describe the role of the Free-Soil Party in the election of 1848.
The Free-Soil party lost the election but had a large influence on politics before the Civil War.
NOTES
Platform
Impact
“Free soil, free speech, free labor, and free men.”
It won 10 percent of the vote
Keep slavery out of the western territories.
It raised the question as to who would decide the slavery issue.
A national platform of “freedom.”
Tensions increased when California sought to join the Union as a free state.

11. The Democrats and Whigs were forced to address the slavery issue.
Describe the role of the Free-Soil Party in the election of 1848.
The Democrats and Whigs were forced to address the slavery issue.
Both parties supported popular sovereignty, having voters in a territory decide whether their territory would be free or slave.
Having voters decide had wide appeal since it seemed to keep with the tradition of American democracy. It would also remove Congress from the controversy.

12. Analyze why slavery in the territories was a divisive issue between North and South and how Congress tried to settle the issue in 1850.
Once again, the slavery issue was debated in the Senate by three political leaders.
Henry Clay from the West
Daniel Webster from the North
John Calhoun from the South

13. Analyze why slavery in the territories was a divisive issue between North and South and how Congress tried to settle the issue in 1850.
Henry Clay proposed a compromise balancing the number of free states and slave states in Congress known as the Compromise of 1850.

14. Analyze why slavery in the territories was a divisive issue between North and South and how Congress tried to settle the issue in 1850.
Calhoun and Webster’s positions on Clay’s compromise during Senate debate:
Calhoun
Webster
Clay’s compromise did not give the South enough protection.
The South would break away from the Union if it did not get its demands on the slavery issue.
Any state had the right to secede if it disagreed with national laws.
The states should rally to the cause of unity.
Sectional compromise was needed in order to preserve the Union.
Webster supported popular sovereignty.

15. The Compromise of 1850 finally became a law stating that:
Analyze why slavery in the territories was a divisive issue between North and South and how Congress tried to settle the issue in 1850.
The Compromise of 1850 finally became a law stating that:
NOTES
The North
The South
California would be admitted to the Union as a free state.
Congress would pass a stricter fugitive slave law.
The territories of New Mexico and Utah would decide on slavery by a vote.
Slavery would be enforced in Wash., DC, although the slave trade would be abolished.
The compromise brought calm to the nation, but larger crises loomed.

17. The Compromise of 1850 Chapter 10, section 1, p.326-329
Analyze why slavery in the territories was a divisive issue between North and South and how Congress tried to settle the issue in 1850.
North and South torn over slavery.
Tension develops over slavery in new territories and states.
South threatens to withdraw from Union.
The Compromise of 1850
California admitted as a free state.
Residents of new territories allowed to vote on slavery. (“popular sovereignty”)
Texas gives up claim on New Mexico.
Fugitive Slave law enacted.
Compromise provides temporary relief from threats of secession.
Slave trade abolished in District of Columbia.
Chapter 10, section 1, p

18. Analyze why slavery in the territories was a divisive issue between North and South and how Congress tried to settle the issue in 1850.
10.1
B; C

19. John C. Calhoun Zachary Taylor Lewis Cass Henry Foote
Analyze why slavery in the territories was a divisive issue between North and South and how Congress tried to settle the issue in 1850.
Positions on Slavery
FOr
Compromise
Against
John C. Calhoun
Zachary Taylor
Lewis Cass
Henry Foote
Fugitive Slave Act
Wilmot Proviso
Free-Soil Party
Martin van Buren
Daniel Webster
William Seward
Popular Sovereignty
Henry Clay
Compromise of 1850
Stephen A. Douglas
Millard Fillmore
What state are these people from?
(If idea, who created it? Where from?)

20. How did Congress try to resolve the dispute between North and South over slavery?
The North and South had developed separate economies, societies, and political views since the Revolution.
Different economies and viewpoints of the North and the South hindered compromise. Eventually, new political parties emerged.
As the nation expanded, the problem of slavery became a divisive and difficult issue to resolve.
Contrast the economies, societies, and political views of the North and the South.
Describe the role of the Free-Soil Party in the election of 1848.
Analyze why slavery in the territories was a divisive issue between North and South and how Congress tried to settle the issue in 1850.