1. Inderjeet Mander Vidhi patel Nivritt kohli Salman manzoor
Unit 4
Inderjeet Mander
Vidhi patel
Nivritt kohli
Salman manzoor

2. Grammar Past participles: adjectives that can form verbs
Ex. “to be closed”  “closed”
Drop ending and add
-ado for –ar verbs
-ido for –er and –ir verbs
Ex. Cerrar  cerrado
Example sentence:
“The office is closed.”  “La oficina esta cerrada.”
If reflexive, drop –se from infinitive
Ex. “Peinarse”  “peinando”

3. Imperfect tense Events that aren’t completed Something was happening
Something you used to do
How old someone was
Tell what time it was

4. -ar verbs -er and –ir verbs -aba -abamos -abas -abais -aba -aban
-ia iamos
-ias iais
-ia ian

5. Irregular Ser Ir Ver Era, eras, era, eramos, erais, eran
Iba, ibas, iba, ibamos, ibais, iban
Ver
Veia, veias, veia, veiamos, veiais, veian

6. Preterite vs. Imperfect
Use when specific beginning and end time
Imperfect
Use when not stating when action began/ended
Both (in a sentence)
Preterite: action that happened
Imperfect: what happened at that time
Ex. Cuando la guerra termino, Santa Ana era presidente de Mexico.

7. Culture San Juan Parangaricutiro, Mexico Alfredo Zalce Torres
Only the ruins of a church remain
Volcano Paricutin destroyed the city
In Nicaragua, there are footprints that are about years old that were preserved in the mud and volcanic ash (Las Huellas de Acahualinca).
Alfredo Zalce Torres
Painted the markets and people of Morelia, MX
Painted lives of indigenous people from Michoacan
Paintings are in the Governor’s Palace, called “Historia de Michoacan,” illustrates 500 years of the history

8. El fuego y el tlacuache Story about the origin of fire
A stone in flames fell from a star
An old woman took the flame into her home
She used it to cook and stay warm but didn’t share
An opossum said he could bring them the fire
He went to the woman’s house and asked to sit by the fire to keep warm
He lit his tail on fire and brought it out
That’s why the opossum has a bald tail

9. Vocabulary God Dio Army Ejercito Emperor Emperador Enemy Enemigo
Warrior
Guerrero
Hero
Heroe
Heroine
Heroina
Young man
Joven
Princess
Princesa

10. Vocab Mountain Montana Palacio Palace Volcano Volcan Battle Batalla
War
Guerra
Get Married
Cascarse
Tell a story
Contar
To carry
Llevar
To cry
Llorar
To die
Morir

11. Little more Fight Pelear Return Regresar Transform Transformar Legend
Leyenda
Message
Mensaje
Narration
narracion
Character
Personaje

12. Last Slide Aztec Azteca To be in love with Estar Enamorado Handsome
Hermoso
Heroic
Heroico
Historic
Historico
Beloved
Querido
Jealousy
Los celos
To be jealous
Tener Celos
Brave
Valiente
Once upon a time
Habia una Ves
Many centuries ago
Hace muchos siglos
About
Sobre

13. Lesson 2

14. Grammar Preterite of verbs that end in: -car, -gar, and –zar
Spelled differently in yo form to maintain pronunciation; n
C becomes qu: Yo busque
G becomes gu: Yo pague
Z becomes c: Yo empece

15. Preterite Stems
Venir, querer, decir, and traer are irregular in the preterite.
Venir and querer take the same endings as estar, poder, saber, tenre, etc.
Verb
Stem
Preterite Endings
Venir
Vin- -e
Imos
Querer
Quis-
-iste -o
-isteis
-ieron

16. Preterite Stems Preterite stems of decir and traer end in j
Same preterite endings as Venir and Querer, just drop the I from ustedes/ellos/ellas ending
Verb
Stem
Preterite Endings
Decir
Dij- -e
Imos
Traer
Traj-
-iste -o
-steis
-eron

17. Culture Indigenous words:
-over 1 million mexicans speak nahuatl, the aztec language
-"chocolate" "tomate" and "chile" have nahuatl origins
-Quechua is a common indigenous language in south america from the Incas
-"llama" "papa" and "pampa" are quechuan words
-The volcano Ixtaccihuatl in MX is a nahuatl word that means "sleeping woman"
-The volcano Guagua Pichincha has "guagua" which means "baby" in Quechan

18. Ancient Sport
-"el juego de pelota" (ball sport) is over 3000 years old
-Olmecas, Toltecas, Mayans, Aztecs all played
-players hit a rubber ball with their hips, arms, or a bat to get it in the ring

19. Zapotecas and Otavalenos
-Oaxaca is based on indigenous civilizations 
-Monte Alban was the ancient Toltec capital and there are ruins over 1,300 years old
-La Guelaguetza is a ceremony and it means "gift"
-In Ecuador, the ancient civilization was the Otavalenos, before the Incas
-Culture still present in their products and goods
-La fiesta del Yamor honors mother Earth

20. Vocabulary Ancient Antiguo Avanzado Advanced Calendar Calendario
Civilization
Civilizacion
Statue
Estatua
Tools
Herramienta
Monument
Monumento

21. Vocabulary Object Objeto Pyramid Piramide Religion Religion Ruins
Ruinas
Temple
Templo
Tomb
Tumba

22. More Vocabulary Agriculture Agricultura To Hunt Cazar To Build
Construir
Excavation
Excavacion
Farmer
Agricultur
Toltecs
Toltecas

23. Some More Vocabulary Sidewalk Acera Avenue Avenida Neighborhood Barrio
Cathedral
Catedral
City
Ciudad
City Block
Cuadra
Building
Edificio
Modern
Moderno
Plaza
Plaza
Skyscraper
Rascacielos

24. Just a Little More… How do I get to.. Como llego a… To cross Cruzar
To turn
Doblar
To the right
A la derecha
To the left
A la izquierda
To go straight
Seguir Derecho
From
Desde
Between
Entre

25. Last One I Swear Frente a… Across from Hasta To En la esquina
On the corner
Semaforo
Traffic Light