2. Unit 7: World War II and its Aftermath Chapter 16: World War Looms

4. The World’s Great “isms” 1. A system for bettering the condition of the people by having the state own and control the means of production of major industries; government determines the needs of the people and then provides these for them. 2. According to Karl Marx, this is the final stage of socialism in which a classless society will be achieved and the state will wither away. 1. A system for bettering the condition of the people by having the state own and control the means of production of major industries; government determines the needs of the people and then provides these for them. 2. According to Karl Marx, this is the final stage of socialism in which a classless society will be achieved and the state will wither away.

5. 3. A form of government in which the government is supreme and individuals have few rights. Total control of the government rests in the hands of one or a few persons. 4. A government in which the power and authority rest with the people. People usually express their power through voting. 3. A form of government in which the government is supreme and individuals have few rights. Total control of the government rests in the hands of one or a few persons. 4. A government in which the power and authority rest with the people. People usually express their power through voting.

6. 5. Political philosophy that calls for glorification of the nation above the individual, a centralized government headed by a dictatorial leader, a severe economic and social regimentation, and the use of force against opposition. 6. A form of socialism featuring racism and expansionism and obedience to a strong leader. It calls for aggressive nationalism and militarism and placed great restrictions on personal freedom. 7. System in which private businesses and individuals control the means of production 5. Political philosophy that calls for glorification of the nation above the individual, a centralized government headed by a dictatorial leader, a severe economic and social regimentation, and the use of force against opposition. 6. A form of socialism featuring racism and expansionism and obedience to a strong leader. It calls for aggressive nationalism and militarism and placed great restrictions on personal freedom. 7. System in which private businesses and individuals control the means of production

7. Faces of Totalitarianism - Extreme Nationalism - Militaristic expansion - Charismatic Leader - Private property w/ Strong gov’t. contol - Anticommunist -Extreme nationalism And racism -Militaristic expansion -Forceful leader -Private property w/ Strong gov’t. control -Anticommunist -Create sound Communist state -Revolution by Workers -Eventual rule by Working class -State ownership Of property

8. I. Dictators Threaten World Peace A. Nationalism threatens Europe and Asia 1. Failures of WWI peace settlement 2. Joseph Stalin’s Soviet Union A. Nationalism threatens Europe and Asia 1. Failures of WWI peace settlement 2. Joseph Stalin’s Soviet Union

9. a. Create a model Communist state b. restructuring of agriculture and industry c. 1939-2nd largest industrial power in the world a. Create a model Communist state b. restructuring of agriculture and industry c. 1939-2nd largest industrial power in the world

10. d. 1939- est. a totalitarian gov’t.: complete control over citizens 3. Fascism in Italy: a. 1921- Benito Mussolini began his rise to power b. 1922- a Fascist Gov’t est. in Italy d. 1939- est. a totalitarian gov’t.: complete control over citizens 3. Fascism in Italy: a. 1921- Benito Mussolini began his rise to power b. 1922- a Fascist Gov’t est. in Italy

11. 1. Eventually became a totalitarian state 4. Nazis in Germany a. 1919- Hitler joined the National Socialist German Workers’ Party or Nazi Party 1. Eventually became a totalitarian state 4. Nazis in Germany a. 1919- Hitler joined the National Socialist German Workers’ Party or Nazi Party

12. b. Beliefs of Nazism: 1. Based on extreme nationalism a. uniting all German speaking people’s/”Aryan” race 2. Germany needed more living space b. Beliefs of Nazism: 1. Based on extreme nationalism a. uniting all German speaking people’s/”Aryan” race 2. Germany needed more living space

15. c. Role of the Great Depression d. 1933- Adolf Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany 1. Dismantled democratic Weimar Republic 2. Est. the Third Reich c. Role of the Great Depression d. 1933- Adolf Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany 1. Dismantled democratic Weimar Republic 2. Est. the Third Reich

16. 5. Militarist in Japan: a. Nationalistic military leaders took control b. 1931- invaded and captured Manchuria 5. Militarist in Japan: a. Nationalistic military leaders took control b. 1931- invaded and captured Manchuria

18. 6. Aggression in Europe: a. Germany invaded the Rhineland b. Rome-Berlin Axis Pact: formal alliance b/w Germany and Italy c. Italy- invaded and took control of Ethiopia. 6. Aggression in Europe: a. Germany invaded the Rhineland b. Rome-Berlin Axis Pact: formal alliance b/w Germany and Italy c. Italy- invaded and took control of Ethiopia.

20. B. U.S. Clings to Neutrality 1. Neutrality Acts: a. outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at war (includes Civil War) 1. Neutrality Acts: a. outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at war (includes Civil War)

21. II. War in Europe A. Continued German expansion 1. Union with Austria a. March, 1938 Nazi’s entered Austria unopposed. 2. The Sudetenland: a. 3 million German speaking peoples b. Munich Pact: Hitler declared this his last territorial demand 1. Neville Chamberlain A. Continued German expansion 1. Union with Austria a. March, 1938 Nazi’s entered Austria unopposed. 2. The Sudetenland: a. 3 million German speaking peoples b. Munich Pact: Hitler declared this his last territorial demand 1. Neville Chamberlain

23. B. The German Offensive 1. March, 1939 German troops entered Czechoslovakia 2. Soviets declare neutrality: a. nonaggression pact: Soviet Union and Germany agreed not to fight each other. B. The German Offensive 1. March, 1939 German troops entered Czechoslovakia 2. Soviets declare neutrality: a. nonaggression pact: Soviet Union and Germany agreed not to fight each other.

24. 1. Result- Germany invaded Poland on Sept. 1, 1939 2. Sept. 3, 1939 Britain and France declared war on Germany 3. Germany took 2/3 population; Soviets 1/2 territory 1. Result- Germany invaded Poland on Sept. 1, 1939 2. Sept. 3, 1939 Britain and France declared war on Germany 3. Germany took 2/3 population; Soviets 1/2 territory

25. 3. From Blitzkrieg to sitzkrieg a. ended when Soviets began invading the Baltics b. Germany then invaded Denmark and Norway 3. From Blitzkrieg to sitzkrieg a. ended when Soviets began invading the Baltics b. Germany then invaded Denmark and Norway

26. C. France and Britain Fight On 1. The Fall of France 2. The Battle of Britain a. total control of British skies b. 2 months of daily/nightly bombing c. Hitler suspended attempt to capture Britain 1. The Fall of France 2. The Battle of Britain a. total control of British skies b. 2 months of daily/nightly bombing c. Hitler suspended attempt to capture Britain

30. III. The Holocaust A. Persecution Begins 1. Why Jews? a. Nuremberg Laws: stripped of civil rights and property and wear the Star of David. b. Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass) A. Persecution Begins 1. Why Jews? a. Nuremberg Laws: stripped of civil rights and property and wear the Star of David. b. Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass)

31. 2. Plight of Jewish Refugees: a. reluctance of Britain and France to take in refugees b. American reluctance 2. Plight of Jewish Refugees: a. reluctance of Britain and France to take in refugees b. American reluctance

32. B. The Final Solution: the disappearance of Jewry from Europe 1. Genocide 2. Targeted groups- Jews, gypsies, freemasons, Jehovah’s Witnesses. a. homosexuals, mentally retarded, disabled, incurably ill 3. Eastward- targeted Poles, Ukrainians, and Russians B. The Final Solution: the disappearance of Jewry from Europe 1. Genocide 2. Targeted groups- Jews, gypsies, freemasons, Jehovah’s Witnesses. a. homosexuals, mentally retarded, disabled, incurably ill 3. Eastward- targeted Poles, Ukrainians, and Russians

33. 3. Concentration Camps: labor camps consisting of hunger, humiliation, and death. 4. Extermination: 1941 built 6 death camps in Poland a. gas chambers b. shot, hung, injected w/ poison c. crematoriums 3. Concentration Camps: labor camps consisting of hunger, humiliation, and death. 4. Extermination: 1941 built 6 death camps in Poland a. gas chambers b. shot, hung, injected w/ poison c. crematoriums

34. d. herded into ghettos to starve or die from disease e. families often separated f. camps- cycle of hunger, humiliation, and work. d. herded into ghettos to starve or die from disease e. families often separated f. camps- cycle of hunger, humiliation, and work.

37. 5. The Survivors: a. risks of many 6. 6 million + died at hands of Germany 5. The Survivors: a. risks of many 6. 6 million + died at hands of Germany

38. IV. America Moves Towards War A. U.S. Musters Its Forces 1. Moving cautiously away from neutrality: a. FDR asked for revisions to Neutrality Acts b. Cash and Carry Policy A. U.S. Musters Its Forces 1. Moving cautiously away from neutrality: a. FDR asked for revisions to Neutrality Acts b. Cash and Carry Policy

39. 2. The Axis Threat: a. Tripartite Pact: signed by Japan, Germany, and Italy 1. Forever known as Axis Powers 2. Agreed to come to aid of each other in the event of attack 2. The Axis Threat: a. Tripartite Pact: signed by Japan, Germany, and Italy 1. Forever known as Axis Powers 2. Agreed to come to aid of each other in the event of attack

40. a. What does this mean for the United States? 3. Building America’s Defenses: a. Selective Training and Service Act- first peace time draft 1. Ages 21-35 registered. a. What does this mean for the United States? 3. Building America’s Defenses: a. Selective Training and Service Act- first peace time draft 1. Ages 21-35 registered.

41. 4. Election of 1940: a. Rep- Wendell Wilkie b. Dem.- FDR 1. Winner- FDR c. Significance of this election? 4. Election of 1940: a. Rep- Wendell Wilkie b. Dem.- FDR 1. Winner- FDR c. Significance of this election?

42. B. The Great Arsenal of Democracy 1. Lend Lease Plan: U.S. would lend or lease arms and supplies to any country whose defense was vital to U.S. a. Great Britain and Soviet Union B. The Great Arsenal of Democracy 1. Lend Lease Plan: U.S. would lend or lease arms and supplies to any country whose defense was vital to U.S. a. Great Britain and Soviet Union

43. 2. June 22, 1941 Hitler invaded Soviet Union with 3 million troops. a. scorched earth policy 3. German Wolf Packs 2. June 22, 1941 Hitler invaded Soviet Union with 3 million troops. a. scorched earth policy 3. German Wolf Packs

44. C. Planning for War 1. The Atlantic Charter: a declaration of principles b/w G.B. and the U.S.: a. Pledged the following: 1. Seek no territorial expansion 2. Pursue no territorial changes w/out consent of inhabitants 1. The Atlantic Charter: a declaration of principles b/w G.B. and the U.S.: a. Pledged the following: 1. Seek no territorial expansion 2. Pursue no territorial changes w/out consent of inhabitants

47. 3. Respect the right of people to choose own form of government 4. Promote free trade among nations 5. Work for disarmament of aggressors 3. Respect the right of people to choose own form of government 4. Promote free trade among nations 5. Work for disarmament of aggressors

48. b. was later the basis for the United Nations 2. Shooting Begins a. German U-Boat attacks on U.S. merchant/war ships- Pink Star, Kearny, and Reuben James 1. Led us no closer to war 2. “When you see a rattlesnake poised to strike.. You crush him” 3. “The shooting has started. And history has recorded who fired first”. - FDR b. was later the basis for the United Nations 2. Shooting Begins a. German U-Boat attacks on U.S. merchant/war ships- Pink Star, Kearny, and Reuben James 1. Led us no closer to war 2. “When you see a rattlesnake poised to strike.. You crush him” 3. “The shooting has started. And history has recorded who fired first”. - FDR

49. D. Japan Attacks the United States 1. Japanese aggression in Southeast Asia a. U.S. response- trade embargo; included oil (most important). b. Nov. 5, 1941- Japanese envoy sent to U.S. seeking peace 1. Japanese aggression in Southeast Asia a. U.S. response- trade embargo; included oil (most important). b. Nov. 5, 1941- Japanese envoy sent to U.S. seeking peace

52. c. Dec. 6, 1941- envoy ordered to reject all peace offers 2. December 7, 1941 a. 180 Japanese warplanes launched surprise attack on Pearl Harbor b. U.S. Pacific fleet was badly crippled by attack c. Dec. 6, 1941- envoy ordered to reject all peace offers 2. December 7, 1941 a. 180 Japanese warplanes launched surprise attack on Pearl Harbor b. U.S. Pacific fleet was badly crippled by attack

59. 3. December 8, 1941: U.S. declared war on Japan a. result? 3. December 8, 1941: U.S. declared war on Japan a. result?

60. V. Mobilization on the Home Front A. Americans Join the War Effort 1. 5 million volunteered 2. 10 million drafted by Selective Service a. G.I.’s (Government Issued) A. Americans Join the War Effort 1. 5 million volunteered 2. 10 million drafted by Selective Service a. G.I.’s (Government Issued)

61. B. Women in the Military 1. Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC): created in 1942 2. “the silliest piece of legislation” a. did not receive same rank, pay, or benefits as men doing same job b. could not make military a career c. 250,000 women served in Corps d. non-combat duties B. Women in the Military 1. Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC): created in 1942 2. “the silliest piece of legislation” a. did not receive same rank, pay, or benefits as men doing same job b. could not make military a career c. 250,000 women served in Corps d. non-combat duties

62. C. Minorities in the Armed Services 1. Initial reaction- alternative of Nazism 2. Many did serve although in segregated units. a. 500,000 Hispanics; 1 million African Americans b. mostly non-combat duty c. April, 1943 3. “Just carve on my tombstone, here lies a black man killed fighting a yellow man for the protection of a white man” C. Minorities in the Armed Services 1. Initial reaction- alternative of Nazism 2. Many did serve although in segregated units. a. 500,000 Hispanics; 1 million African Americans b. mostly non-combat duty c. April, 1943 3. “Just carve on my tombstone, here lies a black man killed fighting a yellow man for the protection of a white man”

63. War Production

66. 3. Mobilization of Scientists a. Office of Scientific Research and Development: 3. Mobilization of Scientists a. Office of Scientific Research and Development:

68. 4. Changes in entertainment a. more $ = more spending b. movies and books c. Song of Russia, Mission to Moscow, Hitler, Beast of Berlin d. Life Magazine 4. Changes in entertainment a. more $ = more spending b. movies and books c. Song of Russia, Mission to Moscow, Hitler, Beast of Berlin d. Life Magazine

69. E. Federal Government Takes Control 1. Japanese internment camps a. 110,000 placed in internment camps b. 2/3 were Nisei- Jap.-Am. Born in U.S. E. Federal Government Takes Control 1. Japanese internment camps a. 110,000 placed in internment camps b. 2/3 were Nisei- Jap.-Am. Born in U.S.

70. 2. Korematsu v. United States, 1944 a. Supreme Court upheld internment b. 1988- government issued an apology and $20,000 payments to surviving internees 3. 442nd Regimental Combat Team 2. Korematsu v. United States, 1944 a. Supreme Court upheld internment b. 1988- government issued an apology and $20,000 payments to surviving internees 3. 442nd Regimental Combat Team

73. 2. Economic Controls: attempts to control inflation a. Office of Price Admin.- froze prices on most goods b. raised taxes and encouraged war bonds c. rationing- meat, shoes, sugar, coffee, gasoline 2. Economic Controls: attempts to control inflation a. Office of Price Admin.- froze prices on most goods b. raised taxes and encouraged war bonds c. rationing- meat, shoes, sugar, coffee, gasoline

75. c. rationing- fixed allotments of goods essential to war effort- meat, shoes, coffee, sugar, gasoline, etc. d. War Production Board- decided which companies would convert from peacetime to wartime production c. rationing- fixed allotments of goods essential to war effort- meat, shoes, coffee, sugar, gasoline, etc. d. War Production Board- decided which companies would convert from peacetime to wartime production

76. VI. War for Europe and North Africa A. U.S. and Britain join forces 1. The Plans: a. Top Priority- defeat of Germany b. will accept only unconditional surrender of Axis Powers 1. Effect on Germany/Japan? A. U.S. and Britain join forces 1. The Plans: a. Top Priority- defeat of Germany b. will accept only unconditional surrender of Axis Powers 1. Effect on Germany/Japan?

77. 2. Battle of the Atlantic 2. Battle of the Atlantic

78. 3. Invasion of North Africa a. clear way for invasion of Italy b. The Desert Fox c. General Patton in command d. May, 1943 German and Italian troops surrendered 3. Invasion of North Africa a. clear way for invasion of Italy b. The Desert Fox c. General Patton in command d. May, 1943 German and Italian troops surrendered

80. B. Eastern Front and the Mediterranean 1. Battle of Stalingrad: a. Moscow and Leningrad b. shift in strategy: 1. Capture Soviet oil fields 2. Capture Stalingrad to cut off supplies to Soviet army 1. Battle of Stalingrad: a. Moscow and Leningrad b. shift in strategy: 1. Capture Soviet oil fields 2. Capture Stalingrad to cut off supplies to Soviet army

82. c. almost 1 yr. later Germans surrendered to Soviets 1. 91,000 of 330,000 soldiers left 2. Soviets lost 1.2 million c. almost 1 yr. later Germans surrendered to Soviets 1. 91,000 of 330,000 soldiers left 2. Soviets lost 1.2 million

83. 3. Italian Campaign: a. 1943 Allies invaded Italy b. July 25, 1943 King Emmanuel III stripped Mussolini of power and had him arrested. c. Hitler responded by seizing control of Italy and reinstating Mussolini as head of puppet state 3. Italian Campaign: a. 1943 Allies invaded Italy b. July 25, 1943 King Emmanuel III stripped Mussolini of power and had him arrested. c. Hitler responded by seizing control of Italy and reinstating Mussolini as head of puppet state

84. d. 18 months of fighting e. Mussolini discovered trying to flee Italy. d. 18 months of fighting e. Mussolini discovered trying to flee Italy.

86. C. Liberation of Europe 1. D-Day: June 6, 1944 (Operation Overlord) a. largest land-sea-air operation in history b. Sept. 1944, allies had freed France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and most of Netherland.s 1. D-Day: June 6, 1944 (Operation Overlord) a. largest land-sea-air operation in history b. Sept. 1944, allies had freed France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and most of Netherland.s

88. 2. Battle of the Bulge- last efforts of the fuhrer a. broke through allied lines b. heroic stand at Bastogne c. end result- Nazis could do little but retreat! 2. Battle of the Bulge- last efforts of the fuhrer a. broke through allied lines b. heroic stand at Bastogne c. end result- Nazis could do little but retreat!

89. 3. Liberation of the Death Camps a. Soviets first to come upon death camps- Majdanek 4. Unconditional Surrender a. April 30th Hitler committed Suicide b. V-E Day- May 8, 1945 3. Liberation of the Death Camps a. Soviets first to come upon death camps- Majdanek 4. Unconditional Surrender a. April 30th Hitler committed Suicide b. V-E Day- May 8, 1945

91. VII. War in the Pacific A. Stemming the Japanese Tide 1. Japanese advances: overran Hong Kong, French Indochina, Malaya, Burma, Thailand, and 1/2 of China. a. also took- Formosa, Dutch East Indies, Solomon Islands A. Stemming the Japanese Tide 1. Japanese advances: overran Hong Kong, French Indochina, Malaya, Burma, Thailand, and 1/2 of China. a. also took- Formosa, Dutch East Indies, Solomon Islands

92. b. Philippines: 80,000 American and filipino troops under command of Douglas MacArthur. 1. Held out for 5 months 2. MacArthur ordered to abandon Philippines- “I Shall Return” b. Philippines: 80,000 American and filipino troops under command of Douglas MacArthur. 1. Held out for 5 months 2. MacArthur ordered to abandon Philippines- “I Shall Return”

93. 2. U.S. Retaliation: April 18, 1942 Col James Doolittle led B-52 raid on Tokyo and other cities. a. Battle of the Coral Sea- Allies stopped Japanese advances on Australia. 2. U.S. Retaliation: April 18, 1942 Col James Doolittle led B-52 raid on Tokyo and other cities. a. Battle of the Coral Sea- Allies stopped Japanese advances on Australia.

94. 3. Battle of Midway- U.S. prevented Japanese advances on Hawaii. 4. Island Hopping: targeting less fortified Japanese held islands. a. built air fields and used to cut off supplies 3. Battle of Midway- U.S. prevented Japanese advances on Hawaii. 4. Island Hopping: targeting less fortified Japanese held islands. a. built air fields and used to cut off supplies

95. b. October, 1944 Gen. MacArthur and allies returned to Philippines. 1. Iwo Jima 2. Okinawa b. October, 1944 Gen. MacArthur and allies returned to Philippines. 1. Iwo Jima 2. Okinawa

96. B. Atomic Bomb Ends the War 1. Manhattan Project: top secret development of the Atomic Bomb. a. 600,000 involved; Oak Ridge, TN b. April 12, 1945- FDR died from a stroke in Warm Springs, Georgia 1. Truman now President c. July 16, 1945 first test B. Atomic Bomb Ends the War 1. Manhattan Project: top secret development of the Atomic Bomb. a. 600,000 involved; Oak Ridge, TN b. April 12, 1945- FDR died from a stroke in Warm Springs, Georgia 1. Truman now President c. July 16, 1945 first test

97. 2. Enrico Fermi- director of project a. production of Uranium 235 and plutonium 3. J. Robert Oppenheimer- headed the construction of actual bomb in Los Alamos, NM 2. Enrico Fermi- director of project a. production of Uranium 235 and plutonium 3. J. Robert Oppenheimer- headed the construction of actual bomb in Los Alamos, NM

98. 2. Decision to drop the bomb: a. scientific objections 1. Immoral to drop bomb w/out warning the Japanese 2. Demonstrate it for them b. rational for decision- save American lives c. July 25, 1945 Truman gave approval to make plans. 2. Decision to drop the bomb: a. scientific objections 1. Immoral to drop bomb w/out warning the Japanese 2. Demonstrate it for them b. rational for decision- save American lives c. July 25, 1945 Truman gave approval to make plans.

99. 3. Hiroshima and Nagasaki: a. August 6, 1945- Enola Gay and “Little Boy” b. August 9, 1945- “Fat Man” dropped on Nagasaki 3. Hiroshima and Nagasaki: a. August 6, 1945- Enola Gay and “Little Boy” b. August 9, 1945- “Fat Man” dropped on Nagasaki

103. C. Rebuilding Begins 1. Preparation for Peace a. Yalta Conference- U.S., Britain, Soviet Union. 1. Divide Germany into 4 zones 2. Free elections in Poland 3. Stalin agreed to join war effort against the Japanese 1. Preparation for Peace a. Yalta Conference- U.S., Britain, Soviet Union. 1. Divide Germany into 4 zones 2. Free elections in Poland 3. Stalin agreed to join war effort against the Japanese

104. 2. Occupation of Japan a. under command of MacArthur b. 6 year occupation c. government reform 1. New constitution and democratic government 2. Occupation of Japan a. under command of MacArthur b. 6 year occupation c. government reform 1. New constitution and democratic government

105. 2. Nuremberg Trials: a. 23 nation tribunal b. 22 convicted of war crimes c. first time leaders were held legally responsible for actions during wartime. 2. Nuremberg Trials: a. 23 nation tribunal b. 22 convicted of war crimes c. first time leaders were held legally responsible for actions during wartime.

106. VIII. Impact of the War A. Opportunity and Adjustment 1. Economic Gains: a. unemployment dropped to 1.2% b. wages rose 70% c. crop production increased 50% and income tripled. A. Opportunity and Adjustment 1. Economic Gains: a. unemployment dropped to 1.2% b. wages rose 70% c. crop production increased 50% and income tripled.

107. d. employment gains for women 2. Population Shifts a. war triggered mass migration 1. Service men and women 2. Civilians b. resulted in a home shortage d. employment gains for women 2. Population Shifts a. war triggered mass migration 1. Service men and women 2. Civilians b. resulted in a home shortage

108. 3. Social Adjustments: a. Mothers rearing children b. teenagers becoming deliquents c. huge marriage boom 1. Divorces doubled (31:100) d. GI Bill of Rights: provided education and training for veterans and loans for buying a home. 3. Social Adjustments: a. Mothers rearing children b. teenagers becoming deliquents c. huge marriage boom 1. Divorces doubled (31:100) d. GI Bill of Rights: provided education and training for veterans and loans for buying a home.

109. B. Discrimination and Reaction 1. Segregation in military persisted 2. No longer restricted to menial tasks B. Discrimination and Reaction 1. Segregation in military persisted 2. No longer restricted to menial tasks

111. 2. Japanese Americans struggle a. Internment camps b. Korematsu v. United States c. 1988- Congress passed bill to give $20,000 in reparations to every Japanese Am. Sent to a relocation camp. 2. Japanese Americans struggle a. Internment camps b. Korematsu v. United States c. 1988- Congress passed bill to give $20,000 in reparations to every Japanese Am. Sent to a relocation camp.