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Published byEvelyn Fraser Modified over 11 years ago
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-ing forms We can use the -ing form of the verb: as a noun:
I love swimming.
Swimming is very good for your health.
You can get fit by swimming regularly.
-ing nouns are nearly always uncount nouns
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We can use the -ing form of the verb:
as an adjective: The main problem today is rising prices.
That programme was really boring.
He saw a woman lying on the floor.
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... an object: ... or an adverbial: ... or a clause:
Because the -ing noun or adjective is formed from a verb it can have any of the patterns which follow a verb, for example: ... an object: I like playing tennis.
I saw a dog chasing a cat. ... or an adverbial: You can earn a lot of money by working hard.
There were several people waiting for the bus. ... or a clause: I heard someone saying that.
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The -ing noun can be used:
as the subject of a verb: Learning English is not easy. as the object of a verb: We enjoy learning English. as the object of a preposition Some people are not interested in learning English.
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The -ing adjective can come:
in front of a noun: I read an interesting article in the newspaper today.
We saw a really exciting match on Sunday. after a noun: Who is that man standing over there?
The boy talking to Angela is her younger brother. and especially after verbs like see, watch, hear, smell etc. I heard someone playing the piano.
I can smell something burning.
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The infinitive is used to express purpose:
I’m studying at university to improve my job opportunities. He’s been going to the gym to lose weight.
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Some verbs have the pattern N + V + to+infinitive:
They agreed to help.
We decided to go.
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Some verbs have the pattern N + V + N + to+infinitive:
She told him to go home.
They advised us to wait.
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gerund or infinitive Use the gerund (verb+ ing): after prepositions
after certain verbs (e.g. like, love, hate, etc.) as the subject of a sentence What are you thinking of doing next summer? Ironing is one job I hate doing. Use to + infinitives: after adjectives after certain verbs (e.g. need, want, decide, etc.) to express purpose/reason Do you find it difficult to fall asleep? Do you want to go out tonight? I’m studying English to get a better job.
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Common verbs that take the gerund (ing form):
Like, love, hate, enjoy, mind, finish, stop Common verbs that take the to + inifinitive: would like, want, need, decide, hope, expect, plan, forget, seem, try, promise, offer, refuse, learn, manage
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