1. Hofstede’s Cultural Value Framework Relationship to Theory X and Theory Y Theory X Theory Y

2. McGregor’s Motivation Theories Theory X Dislike work Must be coerced and threatened Require close supervision and direction Prefer to be directed Responsibility avoidance Exhibit low ambition Interested only in security Theory Y Work is like play or rest Capable of self control and direction Capable of seeking and accepting responsibly Imaginative and creative Committed to organization Capacity for ingenuity

3. Five Dimensions of Hofstede’s Cultural Value Framework Long Term vs. Short Term Orientation Individualism vs. Collectivism Masculinity vs. Femininity Low Uncertainty Avoidance vs. High Uncertainty Avoidance Low Power Distance vs. High Power Distance

4. Cultural Value Comparison China United States

5. Long Term (LTO) vs. Short Term (STO) Orientation LTO – Tend to attach more importance to the future – Value tradition – Value thrift – “The future belongs to those who prepare for it today” STO – Tend to attach more importance to the here and now – Accept change more readily – “You are only limited by your own fears and inaction”

6. China as a Theory X Nation Foxconn in China – Assembly line work – Long Hours – Suicides 2010 – Dormitories – Nets

7. Foxconn Dormitories

8. FoxConn

9. LTO values influence on Theory X Attributes Theory X Attributes People dislike work Most people prefer to be directed Only interested in security Long Term Oriented Values People value tradition People value tradition (hierarchy) Attach more importance to the future

10. America as a Theory Y Nation

11. Americans have an inherent entrepreneurial spirit. – Wal-Mart – Google – Facebook Americans are more willing to give up old ideas for new opportunities.

12. Short Term Oriented Values Attach more importance to the here and now Accept change more readily Theory Y Attributes Think of work as a natural activity, like play or rest Will learn to accept and seek responsibility Capacity for imagination and ingenuity STO values influence on Theory Y Attributes

14. Works Cited Baculinao, Eric (2004). China grapples with legacy of its ‘missing girls’. Retrieved from http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/5953508/ns/world_news/t/china-grapples-legacy-its-missing- girls/#.TtKXPWNE0q5 http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/5953508/ns/world_news/t/china-grapples-legacy-its-missing- girls/#.TtKXPWNE0q5 Denise Rotondo Fernandez, Dawn S. Carlson, Lee P. Stepina & Joel D. Nicholson (1997): Hofstede's Country Classification 25 Years Later, The Journal of Social Psychology, 137:1, 43-54 The Economist (2009). The United States of Entrepreneurs. America still leads the world. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/node/13216037 http://www.economist.com/node/13216037 The Economist (2006). Women in the workforce. The importance of sex. Forget China, India and the internet: economic growth is driven by women. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/node/6800723http://www.economist.com/node/6800723 Itim International (2009). Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions. Retrieved from http://www.geert- hofstede.com/hofstede_china.shtmlhttp://www.geert- hofstede.com/hofstede_china.shtml Itim International (2009). Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions. Retrieved from http://www.geert- hofstede.com/hofstede_dimensions.php?culture1=95&culture2=18http://www.geert- hofstede.com/hofstede_dimensions.php?culture1=95&culture2=18 Itim International (2009). Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions. Retrieved from http://www.geert- hofstede.com/hofstede_united_states.shtmlhttp://www.geert- hofstede.com/hofstede_united_states.shtml Johnson, Joel (2001). 1 Million Workers. 90 Million iPhones. 17 Suicides. Who’s to Blame?. Retrieved from http://www.wired.com/magazine/2011/02/ff_joelinchina/all/1 http://www.wired.com/magazine/2011/02/ff_joelinchina/all/1 Robbins, Stephen P. and Timothy A. Judge. (2010). Essentials of Organizational Behavior, Tenth Edition (page 28- 29). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. U.S. Census Bureau (n.d.). 2012 Statistical Abstract. Population: Estimates and Projections by Age, Sex, Race/Ethnicity. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/cats/population/estimates_and_projections_by_age_s ex_raceethnicity.html http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/cats/population/estimates_and_projections_by_age_s ex_raceethnicity.html Wang, Jim (n.d.). Working Americans Have Almost No Retirement Savings. Retrieved from http://www.bargaineering.com/articles/working-americans-have-almost-no-retirement- savings.html http://www.bargaineering.com/articles/working-americans-have-almost-no-retirement- savings.html