1. Church Reform and the Crusades

3. The Children’s Crusade Took place in 1212; consisted of two different groups. –30,000 participated in the first (all under 18) Had no plan, trusted God would give them Jerusalem Many died of cold and starvation, some drowned in an accident, and the rest sold into slavery –20,000 participated in the second group Fate the same as the earlier group, but 2,000 make it back go Germany

4. Reconquista Crusade The retaking of Spain by Christians. –The Iberian Peninsula was conquered by the Muslims around 711 and had all of it had been under their control from the to the 1100’s when it started being taken back. The reconquering was completed in 1492 when the last Muslim outpost in the south was overrun and expelled by the combined forces of King Ferdinand of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castile (the same ones who send Christopher Columbus on his way).

5. Spanish Inquisition There was a general Inquisition movement in Europe, but the Spanish version was especially ugly. –The goal was to search out fake Christians, i.e. those who had converted but weren’t sincere. –People were given a grace period to come forward and confess. If they did, they had to implicate others. The others would be imprisoned, property confiscated and put on trial. They would be tortured for a confession. If confessing, they could be released, punished, or burnt at the stake.

6. Inquisition Outcome The estimates of the executed range anywhere from 2,000 to 35,000. It winds up being a secret police fear weapon since anybody could anonymously accuse anyone else. Things got ugly.

12. Crusade aftermath Further opened up trade routes with the east (money knows no religion) Weakened the power of the pope since he had called for these failed expedition. Strengthened the kings. All these nobles and knights had gone off and gotten killed which meant the power went to the monarchs. By extension, it weakened the feudal system.