1. 세계언어비교입문 2: Morphological processes Morphological typology

2. Review of the last week content vs. function words morphemes and morphology types of morphemes –free and bound morphemes –types of affixes simple morpheme analysis

3. Today we will talk about: Morphological processes (or word- formation processes 단어형성과정 ) Morphological typology ( 형태론적 유형론 )

4. Morphological processes affixation ( 접사첨가 ) compounding ( 합성어형성 ) reduplication ( 중첩 ) alternations ( 교체 ) suppletion ( 보충법 ) clipping ( 절단 ) blending ( 혼성 )

5. Affixation prefixes, suffixes, infixes, circumfixes, transfixes Can we say that -ful is an infix in doubtfully?

6. Compounding Types of compounds 1 –compounding free morphemes –compounding words derived by affixation –compounding words formed by compounding themselves girlfriend, blackbird, textbook air-conditioner, looking-glass, watch-maker lifeguard chair, aircraft carrier, life-insurance salesman

7. Compounding (cont.) Types of compounds 2 –Endocentric compounds ( 내심합성어 ) –Exocentric compounds ( 외심합성어 ) –Dvandav compounds ( 병렬합성어 ) hair-dryer, alarm clock, notebook; the@ rose@ ‘rose tea’, timbre poste ‘poststamp’ turncoat, egghead, highbrow, redskin fighter-bomber, bitter-sweet, producer-distributor

8. Exercise pickpocket rocking chair loudmouth steamboat cheapskate 춘하추동 술잔 인마 ( 人馬 ) 책가방

9. Compounds vs. phrases in English CompoundsPhrases ti@ght ropeti$ght ro @ pe Re@dcoatre$d co @ at ho@tdogho$t do @ g Whi@te Housewhi$te ho @ use ro@cking chairro$cking cha @ ir ra @ cing horsera$cing ho @ rse E @ nglish teacher E$nglish te @ acher

10. Reduplication total reduplication ( 완전중첩 ) partial reduplication ( 부분중첩 ) reduplicant ( 중첩접사 )

11. Meanings of reduplicated words bar ‘two’barbar ‘all two’ (Tzeltal) ren ‘man’renren ‘everybody) (Mandarin) anak ‘child’anakanak ‘various children’ (Malay) pik ‘touch it’pipik ‘touch it repeatedly’ (Tzeltal) guyon ‘to jest’guguyon ‘to jest repeatedly’ (Sundanese) wu ‘die’wuwu ‘die in numbers’ (Twi) bu ‘bend’bubu ‘bend many things’ (Twi) dolu ‘full’dopdolu ‘quite full’ (Turkish) dii ‘to be good’diidii ‘to be extremely good’ (Thai)

12. Total reduplication Indonesian rumah‘house’rumahrumah‘houses’ ibu‘mother’ibuibu‘mothers’ lalat‘fly’lalatlalat‘flies’ 사람사람, 집집, 색색, 조각조각, 하루하루, 쌍쌍 bang-bang, choo-choo, pooh-pooh, thick-thick, pretty- pretty, goody-goody,

13. Partial reduplication initial reduplication = reduplicative prefixation ( 어두중첩 ) final reduplication = reduplicative suffixation ( 어말중첩 ) internal reduplication = reduplicative infixation ( 어중중첩 ) mutational reduplication ( 교체중첩 )

14. Partial reduplication (cont.) Tagalog bili‘buy’bibili‘will buy’ kain‘eat’kakain‘will eat’ pasok‘enter’papasok‘will enter’ Agta (a language of Phillipines) takkitaktakki‘legs’ uffuufuffu‘thighs’

15. Partial reduplication (cont.) Manam salagasalagalaga‘long’ moitamoitaita‘knife’ ?ulan?ulanlaN‘desire’ Samoan alofa alolofa ‘love’ savali savavali ‘walk maliumaliliu‘die’

16. Partial reduplication in Korean 떠름, 떨떠름 쪼롱, 쪼로롱 둥실, 두둥실 얼떨, 얼떨떨 아삭, 아사삭 아차, 아차차

17. Mutational reduplication sing-song, wishy-washy, sing-song, zig- zag, tick-tock, dilly-dally, tittle-tattle hocus-pocus, teeny-weeny, roly-poly, harum-scarum, nitwit 울긋불긋, 아롱다롱

18. Alternations manmen goosegeese footfeet ringrangrung swimswamswum strifestrive teethteethe breathbreathe lifelive

19. Suppletion amwas gowent goodbetterbest badworseworst

20. Clipping math(ematics), gas(oline), ad(vertisement), deli(catessen), gym(nasium), Mass(achusetts) (tele)phone, (cara)van, (omni)bus Ben(jamin), Tim(othy) (Al)bert, (Ja)net

21. Blending fog+smoke  smog breakfast+lunch  brunch motor+hotel  motel urine+analysis  urinalysis jazz+exercise  jazzercise drama+comedy  dramedy cinema+complex  cineplex giant+enormous  ginormous appetite+thermostat  appestat

22. Morphological typology isolating (or analytic) languages ( 고립어 ) synthetic languages ( 합성어 ) –agglutinating languages ( 교착어 ) –inflectional (or fusional) languages ( 굴절어 ) –polysynthetic languages ( 포함어 )

23. Isolating (or analytic) languages Chinese

24. Agglutinating languages Turkish el ‘the hand’ elim ‘my hand’ eller ‘the hands’ elimde ‘in my hand’ ellerim ‘my hands’ ellerimde ‘in my hands’

25. Inflectional (or fusional) languages Latin Singular Plural Nominative: me#nsa me#nsæ Genitive: me#nsæ me#nsa#rum Ablative: me#nsa me#nsi#s

26. Inflectional (or fusional) languages (cont.) Spanish [-o]1 st person sg. present tense [-a]3 rd person sg. present tense [-e]1 st person sg. past tense [-mos]1 st person pl. present tense [-n]3 rd person pl. present tense

27. Polysynthetic languages Soro (a language spoken in India)

28. Summary

29. Exercise Swahili

30. Exercise English Call me Ishmael. Some years ago--never mind how long precisely--having little or no money in my purse, and nothing in particular to interest me on shore, I thought I would sail about a little and see the watery part of the world.