1. Imperialism in Africa Why did Europe take over Africa?Why did Europe take over Africa? How did Europe take over different regions?How did Europe take over different regions? Why was South Africa so valuable?Why was South Africa so valuable? How did imperialism affect Africa?How did imperialism affect Africa?

2. Imperialism in Africa Types of Rule in IMPERIALISM 1. Protectorate = local ruler keeps title but he is ruled by foreign power 2. Condominium = two countries ruled an area as partners 3. Sphere of Influence = one nation has exclusive rights/privileges that were recognized by other nations French in North Africa France took over because of Barbary pirates Was an excuse to invade French ambassador was hit with a fly swatter Took over Algiers Took Tunis Controlled by Ottomans – money issues (HUGE DEBT) France was given “Free Hand” in Tunis at = Congress of Berlin later took over completely Took Morocco

3. British in North Africa French build Suez Canal in Egypt Connected Mediterranean and Red Sea Egypt buys half of the stock Egypt later goes in debt Sold stock to England (largest stockholder) Lead to riots and the British sent in troops. Egypt looked independent but Britain controlled it

5. Sudan France and England want it = Nile River Revolts in Region England sends troops French have troops in North Africa Both sent troops to city of Foshoda For months just sit there and get ready for war. French back down Known as the Foshoda Crisis West Africa Began as slave trade center As Europeans move in great resistance All of west taken over except Liberia US freed slaves US kept them from being taken over

6. Central & East Africa RAW Materials King Leopold II of Belgium took over 900,000 sq miles Cruel and mistreated people upset other countries he gave up ownership up to his country. In East Africa Europeans took it over when cattle died and a famine hit. Ethiopia remained independent by industrializing under Menelik II

7. South Africa 1652 Dutch settled Capetown set up as “coaling" station to India /Asia Town grew to Cape Colony British took it The Dutch who left were called Boers Spoke Afrikaans As the Boers moved and settle came into conflict with the Zulus Lead by Shaka War British help the Boers Later Gold and Diamonds found in South Cecil Rhodes goes to south to get wealth and healthy Created a colony called Rhodesia He hoped that one day the England would stretch from Egypt to the south tip of Africa

8. Boer War Rhodes’ friend tried to overthrow Boers government in south The Boers had kept the British out of mines in the south Hostilities opened up between the two groups 1899 Boer War British won To keep the Boers happy repaid to have lands built up Did nothing for the native Africans Boers allowed to keep language and schools British created Union of South Africa 1910 New Constitution = non whites have no chance to vote This lead to racial segregation in South Africa

9. Governments in Africa Direct Rule Indirect Rule Direct Rule - Control all levels of government Europeans believed they had to rule this way because of an idea call Paternalism = like parents guiding children France used Assimilation = force culture on people make them give theirs up Indirect rule - Governments makes laws but local leader have some say Britain used this because they controlled ¼ of all the land on earth.

10. Imperialism p 610 GOOD BAD

11. 1. What is the main difference between the 2 maps? 2. Why do you think in the map of 1880 Europe only controlled the coastal areas? 3. What happened to the native African political entities by 1914? 4. According to Map 2-- Which 2 European countries held the most territory in Africa?

12. Answer the following questions based on the chart above 1. What percentage of Africa was colonized by 1913? 2. According to the graph, Which 2 European countries held the most territory in Africa? (did you get the same answer as #4 in the Map Comparison above?) 3. What percentage Africa was controlled by the rest of the countries (excluding the 2 countries mentioned in # 2)? AFRICA POLITICAL DIVISIONS IN 1913 Percentage of Africa Controlled by European Countries in 1913