1. Chapter 15 The Nation Breaking Apart (1846 – 1861)

2. 15.1 – Growing Tensions Between North and South

4. Chapter 15.2 Quiz – Multiple Choice #1 – The Kansas-Nebraska Act called for #1 – The Kansas-Nebraska Act called for –A) a ban on slavery in Kansas and Nebraska. –B) land in Kansas and Nebraska to be given to escaped slaves. –C) the residents of Kansas and Nebraska vote to decide the issue of slavery. –D) The punishment of slaveholders in Kansas for attacks on antislavery settlers.

5. Chapter 15.2 Quiz – Multiple Choice #1 – The Kansas- Nebraska Act called for #1 – The Kansas- Nebraska Act called for –C) the residents of Kansas and Nebraska vote to decide the issue of slavery.

6. Chapter 15.2 Quiz – Multiple Choice #2 – What was the impact of Uncle Tom’s Cabin? #2 – What was the impact of Uncle Tom’s Cabin? –A) It angered many Northerners because it described slavery as a positive experience for the slave. –B) White Southerners charged that the book did not portray slavery accurately. –C) It convinced some Northerners to support the Fugitive Slave Act. –D) It caused pro-slavery settlers to attack anti- slavery settlers in Kansas.

7. Chapter 15.2 Quiz – Multiple Choice #2 – What was the impact of Uncle Tom’s Cabin? #2 – What was the impact of Uncle Tom’s Cabin? –B) White Southerners charged that the book did not portray slavery accurately.

8. Chapter 15.2 Quiz – Multiple Choice #3 – The author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin was #3 – The author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin was –A) Harriet Beecher Stowe. –B) Simon Legree. –C) Stephen A. Douglas. –D) Frederick Douglass.

9. Chapter 15.2 Quiz – Multiple Choice #3 – The author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin was #3 – The author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin was –A) Harriet Beecher Stowe.

10. Chapter 15.2 Quiz – Multiple Choice #4 – Stephen A. Douglas tried to win Southern support for Kansas- Nebraska Act by allowing the issue of slavery in these territories to be settled by #4 – Stephen A. Douglas tried to win Southern support for Kansas- Nebraska Act by allowing the issue of slavery in these territories to be settled by –A) representative government. –B) republicanism. –C) primary elections. –D) popular sovereignty.

11. Chapter 15.2 Quiz – Multiple Choice #4 – Stephen A. Douglas tried to win Southern support for Kansas- Nebraska Act by allowing the issue of slavery in these territories to be settled by #4 – Stephen A. Douglas tried to win Southern support for Kansas- Nebraska Act by allowing the issue of slavery in these territories to be settled by –D) popular sovereignty.

12. Chapter 15.2 Quiz – Multiple Choice #5 – What role did John Brown play in the slavery controversy? #5 – What role did John Brown play in the slavery controversy? –A) Introduced the Kansas- Nebraska Act in Congress. –B) Attacked an anti-slavery senator in the Senate. –C) Murdered several proslavery settlers in Kansas. –D) Fought for passage of the Fugitive Slave Act.

13. Chapter 15.2 Quiz – Multiple Choice #5 – What role did John Brown play in the slavery controversy? #5 – What role did John Brown play in the slavery controversy? –C) Murdered several proslavery settlers in Kansas.

14. How did the economies of the North and the South differ? Both economies are mostly farming. Agricultural. Both economies are mostly farming. Agricultural.

15. How did the economies of the North and the South differ? Both economies are mostly farming. Agricultural. Both economies are mostly farming. Agricultural. In the North: In the North: –Industry and factories grew rapidly.

16. How did the economies of the North and the South differ? Both economies are mostly farming. Agricultural. Both economies are mostly farming. Agricultural. In the North: In the North: –Industry and factories grew rapidly. –Factories need workers.

17. How did the economies of the North and the South differ? In the North: In the North: –Industry and factories grew rapidly. –Factories need workers. –Immigrants come for the jobs. Many move to Midwest to start farms.

18. How did the economies of the North and the South differ? In the North: In the North: –Industry and factories grew rapidly. –Factories need workers. –Immigrants come for the jobs. Many move to Midwest to start farms. –Canals and railroads are built to connect eastern and mid- western states.

19. How did the economies of the North and the South differ? In the North: In the North: –Industry and factories grew rapidly. –Factories need workers. –Immigrants come for the jobs. Many move to Midwest to start farms. –Canals and railroads are built to connect eastern and mid-western states. –States develop close economic and social ties.

20. How did the economies of the North and the South differ? In the South: In the South: –Wealthy plantation owners control society and politics.

21. How did the economies of the North and the South differ? In the South: In the South: –Wealthy plantation owners control society and politics. –Most wealth comes from the work of slaves.

22. How did the economies of the North and the South differ? In the South: In the South: –Wealthy plantation owners control society and politics. –Most wealth comes from the work of slaves. –Cotton is VERY profitable!

23. How did the economies of the North and the South differ? In the South: In the South: –Wealthy plantation owners control society and politics. –Most wealth comes from the work of slaves. –Cotton is VERY profitable! –Chart below shows cotton exports. 1836-1840$321,000,000 43% of total U.S. exports. 1856-1860$744,600,000 54% of total U.S. exports.

24. How did the economies of the North and the South differ? In the South: In the South: –Wealthy plantation owners control society and politics. –Most wealth comes from the work of slaves. –Cotton is VERY profitable! –Result: very little industry is needed or wanted in the South.

25. What factors caused the rapid growth of Northern cities? Factories needed workers. Factories needed workers. Immigrants need jobs. Immigrants need jobs. Immigrants flock to cities and create a huge labor pool. Immigrants flock to cities and create a huge labor pool. More factories are built in cities since that is where the workers are. More factories are built in cities since that is where the workers are.

26. Why was there so little investment in industry in the South? The rich plantation owners were making millions of dollars growing cotton. The rich plantation owners were making millions of dollars growing cotton. “If it ain’t broke … don’t fix it!” “If it ain’t broke … don’t fix it!”

27. Why did free workers in the North oppose slavery? It threatened their jobs and rate of pay. It threatened their jobs and rate of pay. Slaves don’t have to be paid for their labor. Slaves don’t have to be paid for their labor.

28. What reason did Southern slaveholders offer in defense of slavery? Racism – “White people are superior to black people”. Racism – “White people are superior to black people”.

29. What reason did Southern slaveholders offer in defense of slavery? Racism – “White people are superior to black people”. Racism – “White people are superior to black people”. “We’re saving them by promoting Christianity”. “We’re saving them by promoting Christianity”.

30. What reason did Southern slaveholders offer in defense of slavery? Racism – “White people are superior to black people”. Racism – “White people are superior to black people”. “We’re saving them by promoting Christianity”. “We’re saving them by promoting Christianity”. “We provide food, shelter and clothes for them”. “We provide food, shelter and clothes for them”.

31. Why did slaveholders claim that the Wilmot Proviso was unconstitutional? Wilmot Proviso stated that slavery would be outlawed in any territory the United States might acquire from the War with Mexico. Wilmot Proviso stated that slavery would be outlawed in any territory the United States might acquire from the War with Mexico.

32. Why did slaveholders claim that the Wilmot Proviso was unconstitutional? Wilmot Proviso stated that slavery would be outlawed in any territory the United States might acquire from the War with Mexico. Wilmot Proviso stated that slavery would be outlawed in any territory the United States might acquire from the War with Mexico. Slaves are property. Slaves are property.

33. Why did slaveholders claim that the Wilmot Proviso was unconstitutional? Slaves are property. Slaves are property. The US Constitution guarantees “equal protection to the property rights of all citizens”. The US Constitution guarantees “equal protection to the property rights of all citizens”.

34. Why did slaveholders claim that the Wilmot Proviso was unconstitutional? Slaves are property. Slaves are property. The US Constitution guarantees “equal protection to the property rights of all citizens”. The US Constitution guarantees “equal protection to the property rights of all citizens”. Slaves are not citizens, so Congress has no jurisdiction over them. Slaves are not citizens, so Congress has no jurisdiction over them.

35. Why did slaveholders claim that the Wilmot Proviso was unconstitutional? Bill is passed by the House of Representatives, but is defeated in the Senate. Bill is passed by the House of Representatives, but is defeated in the Senate.

36. Why was the formation of the Free-Soil Party important to national politics? Free Soil Party is formed to stop the spread of slavery into the new territories. Free Soil Party is formed to stop the spread of slavery into the new territories.

37. Why was the formation of the Free-Soil Party important to national politics? Free Soil Party is formed to stop the spread of slavery into the new territories. Free Soil Party is formed to stop the spread of slavery into the new territories. “Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor, and Free Men” “Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor, and Free Men”

38. Why was the formation of the Free-Soil Party important to national politics? Free Soil Party is formed to stop the spread of slavery into the new territories. Free Soil Party is formed to stop the spread of slavery into the new territories. “Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor, and Free Men” “Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor, and Free Men” Slavery becomes a national political issue. Slavery becomes a national political issue.

39. What made California’s admission as a state controversial? Before California, there are 30 states: Before California, there are 30 states: –15 free –15 slave

40. What made California’s admission as a state controversial? Before California, there are 30 states: Before California, there are 30 states: –15 free –15 slave This created a “balance of power” in the Senate between slave states and free states. This created a “balance of power” in the Senate between slave states and free states.

41. What made California’s admission as a state controversial? This created a “balance of power” in the Senate between slave states and free states. This created a “balance of power” in the Senate between slave states and free states. The admission of California would upset that balance, giving one side the majority. The admission of California would upset that balance, giving one side the majority.

42. Why were Southerners opposed to the admission of California to the Union as a free state? Free states would have the power to pass any and all anti-slavery legislation. Free states would have the power to pass any and all anti-slavery legislation.

43. What compromise allowed California to join the Union? The Compromise of 1850 The Compromise of 1850

44. What compromise allowed California to join the Union? The Compromise of 1850 The Compromise of 1850 –To appease the North, California will be admitted as a “free” state, and the slave trade will be abolished in Washington D.C.

45. What compromise allowed California to join the Union? The Compromise of 1850 The Compromise of 1850 –To appease the North, California will be admitted as a “free” state, and the slave trade will be abolished in Washington D.C. –To appease the South, Congress will no laws regarding slavery in any territory won from Mexico.

46. What compromise allowed California to join the Union? The Compromise of 1850 The Compromise of 1850 –To appease the North, California will be admitted as a “free” state, and the slave trade will be abolished in Washington D.C. –To appease the South, Congress will no laws regarding slavery in any territory won from Mexico. And would pass a stronger law to help slave owners recapture runaway slaves.

47. What were the provisions of the Compromise of 1850? The Compromise of 1850 The Compromise of 1850 –To appease the North, California will be admitted as a “free” state, and the slave trade will be abolished in Washington D.C. –To appease the South, Congress will no laws regarding slavery in any territory won from Mexico. And would pass a stronger law to help slave owners recapture runaway slaves.

48. What roles did Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and Stephen Douglas play in passing the Compromise of 1850? Henry Clay – Created the plan to settle the California problem. Henry Clay – Created the plan to settle the California problem.

49. What roles did Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and Stephen Douglas play in passing the Compromise of 1850? Henry Clay – Created the plan to settle the California problem. Henry Clay – Created the plan to settle the California problem. Daniel Webster – supported the compromise to keep the Union together. Daniel Webster – supported the compromise to keep the Union together.

50. What roles did Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and Stephen Douglas play in passing the Compromise of 1850? Henry Clay – Created the plan to settle the California problem. Henry Clay – Created the plan to settle the California problem. Daniel Webster – supported the compromise to keep the Union together. Daniel Webster – supported the compromise to keep the Union together. Stephen Douglas – was in charge of winning passage of the bill as the Democratic party “whip”. Stephen Douglas – was in charge of winning passage of the bill as the Democratic party “whip”.

51. Why did Southerners feel that the Fugitive Slave Act was justified? Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 - Suspected fugitive, or runaway, slaves could be held without a warrant.

52. Why did Southerners feel that the Fugitive Slave Act was justified? Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 - Suspected fugitive, or runaway, slaves could be held without a warrant. - No right to a jury trial.

53. Why did Southerners feel that the Fugitive Slave Act was justified? Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 - Suspected fugitive, or runaway, slaves could be held without a warrant. - No right to a jury trial. - Special judges ruled on each case: - $5.00 if “fugitive” is freed. - $10.00 if “fugitive” is sent back.

54. Why did Southerners feel that the Fugitive Slave Act was justified? Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 - Southerners felt the Act was fair, because it helped them reclaim “stolen” property.

55. What moral dilemma did the Fugitive Slave Act force Northerners to face? Fugitive Slave Act required Northerners to help capture runaways. If you did not you could be jailed or fined.

56. What moral dilemma did the Fugitive Slave Act force Northerners to face? Fugitive Slave Act required Northerners to help capture runaways. If you did not you could be jailed or fined. If you refuse to help capture fugitives, you are breaking the law.

57. What moral dilemma did the Fugitive Slave Act force Northerners to face? Fugitive Slave Act required Northerners to help capture runaways. If you did not you could be jailed or fined. If you refuse to help capture fugitives, you are breaking the law. If you do help, you are supporting slavery and breaking a “higher law”.

58. What moral dilemma did the Fugitive Slave Act force Northerners to face? If you refuse to help capture fugitives, you are breaking the law. If you do help, you are supporting slavery and breaking a “higher law”. What would YOU do? Remember, you are a good law-abiding citizen.

59. Why did white Southerners resent Uncle Tom’s Cabin? Southerners felt that the book exaggerated the conditions of slaves. Southerners felt that the book exaggerated the conditions of slaves.

60. What is popular sovereignty? Popular sovereignty – a system where the residents decide an issue … like slavery in the territories.

61. The Kansas-Nebraska Act The Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed by the U.S. Congress on May 30, 1854. It allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. The Act served to repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which prohibited slavery north of latitude 36°30´. The Kansas-Nebraska Act infuriated many in the North who considered the Missouri Compromise to be a long-standing binding agreement. In the pro- slavery South it was strongly supported. After the Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed, pro-slavery and anti-slavery supporters rushed in to settle Kansas to affect the outcome of the first election held there after the law went into effect. Pro-slavery settlers carried the election but were charged with fraud by anti-slavery settlers, and the results were not accepted by them. The anti-slavery settlers held another election, however pro-slavery settlers refused to vote. This resulted in the establishment of two opposing legislatures within the Kansas territory. The anti-slavery settlers held another election, however pro-slavery settlers refused to vote. This resulted in the establishment of two opposing legislatures within the Kansas territory. Violence soon erupted, with the anti-slavery forces led by John Brown. The territory earned the nickname "bleeding Kansas" as the death toll rose. President Franklin Pierce, in support of the pro-slavery settlers, sent in Federal troops to stop the violence and disperse the anti-slavery legislature. Another election was called. Once again pro-slavery supporters won and once again they were charged with election fraud. As a result, Congress did not recognize the constitution adopted by the pro- slavery settlers and Kansas was not allowed to become a state. Eventually, however, anti-slavery settlers outnumbered pro-slavery settlers and a new constitution was drawn up. On January 29, 1861, just before the start of the Civil War, Kansas was admitted to the Union as a free state.

62. Who supported the Kansas-Nebraska Act? - Pro- Slavery People - Popular Sovereignty Supporters - Democratic Party

63. Who opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act? - Abolitionists - Anti-Slavery People - Free-Soil Party - Newly Formed Republican Party

64. How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act change decisions about slavery? - Now the slavery issue would be decided by the individual states and territories, NOT Congress.

65. How did proslavery forces ensure that Kansas would elect a proslavery legislature? - 5000 proslavery Missourians crossed the border and voted illegally.

66. Why did proslavery forces attack Lawrence, Kansas? An alternative, anti-slavery government was set up in Lawrence, Kansas. An alternative, anti-slavery government was set up in Lawrence, Kansas. They saw it as an illegal government. They saw it as an illegal government.

67. What effects did John Brown’s actions have on the situation in Kansas? - John Brown was an extremist abolitionist. -He murdered five people because of their pro- slavery views. -Civil war broke out in “Bleeding Kansas”. -He also turned people against the abolitionist movement, which distanced itself from him.

68. How did Northerners react to the beating of Senator Charles Sumner? In 1856, Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts gave an anti-slavery speech in Congress. In 1856, Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts gave an anti-slavery speech in Congress.

69. How did Northerners react to the beating of Senator Charles Sumner? In 1856, Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts gave an anti-slavery speech in Congress. In 1856, Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts gave an anti-slavery speech in Congress. He used insults and verbally attacked South Carolina Senator AP Butler. He used insults and verbally attacked South Carolina Senator AP Butler.

70. How did Northerners react to the beating of Senator Charles Sumner? He used insults and verbally attacked South Carolina Senator AP Butler. He used insults and verbally attacked South Carolina Senator AP Butler. A relative of Butler, Preston Brooks heard about the speech and went to the Senate floor and beat Sumner with his cane. A relative of Butler, Preston Brooks heard about the speech and went to the Senate floor and beat Sumner with his cane.

71. How did Northerners react to the beating of Senator Charles Sumner? Brooks heard about the speech and went to the Senate floor and beat Sumner with his cane. Brooks heard about the speech and went to the Senate floor and beat Sumner with his cane. Brooks was cheered in the South. Brooks was cheered in the South.

72. How did Northerners react to the beating of Senator Charles Sumner? Brooks heard about the speech and went to the Senate floor and beat Sumner with his cane. Brooks heard about the speech and went to the Senate floor and beat Sumner with his cane. Brooks was cheered in the South. Brooks was cheered in the South. Sumner became a martyr of the abolitionists. Sumner became a martyr of the abolitionists.

73. In what ways did the beating of Senator Sumner represent what was happening in the nation? - It showed how volatile the slavery had become. - War looked like it was inevitable.