1. Creating A New Government

2. ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION Americas First Attempt at a National Constitution  established an association of independent states  states had common goals  some type of central government  did not want to give too much power to government Weaknesses of the Articles  No Executive Branch to enforce laws  No Judicial Branch to interpret laws passed  Government could not impose or collect taxes difficult to pay for war  Congress could not regulate trade  Difficult to put policies into effect 9 of 13 states must agree on any proposed law all 13 states had to agree to amend the Articles

3. Northwest Ordinance (1787) (Suggested by Jefferson) Northwest Ordinance was a strength Land Ordinance of 1785 Reserved one lot in every township for a school Why would it be important to reserve space for schools? – Land Ordinance of 1787 – States created out of this…. Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, & Michigan

4. Northwest Ordinance Territory- 5,000 = Election of own government. Territory- 60,000 = Write own constitution/become a state. States could not have slaves/nor involuntary servitude. (This did not extend into area south of the Ohio River) Treat Native Americans as Equals/their lands and property shall never be taken away from them. (South of Ohio River just ignored)

5. SHAY’S REBELLION ECONOMIC PROBLEMS  Creditors vs. Debtors  traders lost advantage of being part of the British Empire  no gold or silver to back paper money value of paper money fell – huge rise in prices (inflation)  Confederation could not impose taxes  States out of touch with rest of citizen s  States imposed high taxes cities v. farmers people jailed who could not pay poor farmers already in debt led to many riots  Printing of money (Farmers vs. Wealthy) ( Daniel) SHAY’S REBELLION  one of many rebellions and riots  Massachusetts 1786  1200 farmers angry about taxes and inflation  showed weaknesses of Articles

6. Please answer the following questions in paragraph form. You may use your notes and the book for guidance. (5-7 Sentence) make a paragraph. In what ways did the Northwest Ordinance carry out the principles of the Declaration of Independence? Express what impact YOU THINK Shays rebellion had on this very young now independent country?

7. DRAFTING A NEW CONSTITUTION How do the states find a balance between large and small states and northern and southern interests? VIRGINIA PLAN Large State Plan NEW JERSEY PLAN Small State Plan 3 separate branches of government Bicameral legislature – 2 houses number of representatives based on population more power in national government to larger states set up a court system Unicameral legislature – one house equal representation for each state equal power in national government THE GREAT COMPROMISE balance interests of large and small states Bicameral legislature one branch, Senate, 2 representatives from each state other branch, Legislature, representation based on population Population 3/5 Compromise – all whites plus 3/5 of slave population counted for representation and taxation Native Americans wouldn’t count Spending bills would begin in Legislature where large states had more power

8. CHECKS AND BALANCES How does the government balance the powers between the three branches of government? LEGISLATIVE BRANCH makes the laws impeach and remove President and Supreme Court Justices override veto refuse Presidential appointments propose Constitutional amendments EXECUTIVE BRANCH enforces the laws veto acts of Congress call special sessions of Congress propose laws to congress appoint federal judges JUDICIAL BRANCH interprets the laws declare laws unconstitutional declare executive acts unconstitutional appointed for life

9. CONSTITUTIONAL POWERS How did the writers of the Constitution decide what type of powers to include? EXPRESSED POWERS IMPLIED POWERS CONCURRENT POWERS Powers that are specifically written in the Constitution power to finance the government power to regulate trade power to declare war and maintain an army power to make and pass laws power to regulate immigration Power to make all laws “necessary and proper” for carrying out expressed powers Implied powers are not specifically written in the Constitution but allow the Constitution to adjust to a changing nation power to maintain an air force power to levy income taxes power to create a national bank Powers that are held by both the state and the federal government because the needs are similar power to tax – state and federal taxes power to build roads power to create and enforce laws power to borrow money If a state law conflicts with a federal law, the federal law wins out!

10. RATIFIFYING THE CONSTITUTION Who opposed and who supported the Constitution and what were their political ideals? FEDERALISTSANTI-FEDERALISTS supporters of the Constitution believed strong national government necessary for the nation supported separation of powers as it limited government power federalists ideals popular in the cities and amongst the wealthy opposed the Constitution feared a strong national government – lead to tyranny worried central government would abuse states’ rights and individual freedoms believed new government favored elite and educated many anti-federalists were farmers and planters What addition to the Constitution convinced the anti- federalists to agree to ratify the Constitution?

11. THE BILL OF RIGHTS The first 10 Amendments were added to the Constitution as some people feared that a stronger central government might take away basic rights and freedoms of the people. Using a piece of computer paper, create a political cartoon that illustrates your specific amendment. your cartoon should be creative, colored and should clearly represent your amendment List the following on the back of your cartoon: amendment description in your words specific parts of your amendment at least 2 examples of your amendment