1. © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. Energy Efficient Data Centre UPS Eaton’s Energy Advantage Architecture

2. 2 2 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. The Key Challenge for Data Centre Operators Energy Efficiency Reduced OpEx Sustainability Regulations The Solution Eaton 9390, 9395 & BladeUPS UPS Industry-leading efficiency in double conversion mode Energy Advantage Architecture Innovative proprietary technologies bringing new ways to maximise UPS energy efficiencies without compromising on reliability The Quest For Energy Efficiencies Source: CEMEP UPS

3. 3 3 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. Defining a “Green” UPS Initial cost of ownership Savings in delivery costs Savings in real estate requirements Savings in installation and cabling Savings in operating costs Savings in maintenance costs

4. 4 4 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. Transformer-free technology Low frequency & analogue control designs require transformers Advanced high frequency digitally controlled IGBT designs don’t!

5. 5 5 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. Transformer-free topology

6. 6 6 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. Transformer-free: The result 250kW Transformer- free magnetics assembly 250kW Transformer- based magnetics assembly

7. 7 7 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. Transformer-free benefits TRANSFORMER-FREE UPS High Efficiency over range Output Power Performance Footprint & Weight EATON Advantages NEW GREEN TECHNOLOGY: Next Generation Green Technology. Lowest Pollution to Electrical GRID LOWER COST OF OWNERSHIP: Save on Operating Costs + Capital. EATON EXPERIENCE: First to Introduce Transformer-free Technology. Over 15 years of experience Proven Reliability ENTIRE RANGE: Entire Range available from 1kVA to >1100kVA Common feature set Input Power Performance Total Cost of Ownership

8. 8 8 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. Transformer-Free resources

9. 9 9 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. Energy Advantage Architecture Two complementary Eaton-proprietary technologies to maximise UPS performance & efficiency Energy Saver System (ESS) The ultimate savings: 99% efficiency Automatic fast transfer to double conversion mode when needed (in less than 2ms) Variable Module Management System (VMMS) Maximised efficiency in double conversion mode Both in single- and multi-UPS systems applications Energy Advantage Architecture Higher System Efficiency No Compromise On Reliability

10. © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. Energy Saver System (ESS)

11. 11 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. The Purpose – Energy Saver System Energy Saver System (ESS) allows the UPS user to achieve the ultimate power efficiency without compromising the protection of the supported equipment.

12. 12 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. The “Power Supply” Common Theme Universal input Power factor corrected (PFC)

13. 13 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. Acceptable Input Voltage to UPS Is Double Conversion necessary? On Line UPS provide constant voltage regulation, but may unnecessarily waste energy On Line UPS with Energy Saver or “ECO” modes work in bypass mode when mains is suitable, and in Double Conversion mode when line voltage is close to the limits of ITIC Curve Transition time between Normal and Double Conversion mode should be ~2-4 ms under all line/load conditions – up to 2x faster than any Mission Critical STS

14. 14 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. Energy Saver System engages modules according to input power Superior patented detection and transition technology Input Power Quality Active Modules

15. 15 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. Energy Saver System saves even more at lower loadings » ESS Efficiency - 99% across the complete operating range » 85% reduction in losses compared to legacy transformer-based UPS » Continuous power tracking and proprietary DSP algorithms combined with transformer-free topology ensures critical loads are always protected

16. 16 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. How is ESS better than “ECO-mode”? Conventional “Eco-modes” have been available on UPS products for >10 years Conventional ECO-mode is accomplished in one of two ways: » Power the load with Bypass Utility and wait for the UPS to start, sync, and transfer to double conversion mode when disturbances occur - This takes too long. » Operate in line interactive mode with the inverter running for faster transitions to double conversion mode - if the inverter is running, efficiency is not maximised (no better than 96-98%.) ESS solves both issues; it provides best possible efficiency, and instantaneous transfer to double conversion when needed.

17. 17 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. How is ESS better than “ECO-mode”? Eaton's Energy Saver System offers the highest efficiency in the industry (99%) Superior detection and transition patented technology. » Our power system fault detection technology allows for a warp speed detection and correction of disturbances well below 2 ms » Our adaptive algorithm turns off the static switch before the inverter and avoids back-feeding the input in 600 micro seconds. In short, we can detect and transition faster and more reliably than traditional ECO mode or high efficiency schemes.

18. 18 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. Utility Fault Transitions - Three Phase Outage ESS Output Response 1.2 ms Source Outage

19. 19 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. DVT Testing - Three Phase Outages Test Setup » Source Channels -> 3, 5 & 7 » Output/Load Channels -> 4, 6 & 8 » Load -> 100KW Resistive » Unit -> 275KVA IR (Internal Redundant) with Common Battery Test Description » 1/2 cycle 0% dropout sequence (All Phases) » (0% is a low impedance (short) source fault) Test Result » 1.2ms Transfer Time (600us detection time plus 600us SCR clearing time). Output Source

20. 20 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. DVT Testing - Three Phase Outages Continued Test Setup » Source Channels -> 3, 5 & 7 » Output/Load Channels -> 4, 6 & 8 » Load -> 225KVA ∆Y Transformer with 100KW Resistive Load » Unit -> 275KVA IR (Internal Redundant) with Separate Batteries Test Description » 40 cycle 40% dropout sequence (All Phases) Test Result » 1.6ms Transfer Time (1ms detection time plus 600us SCR clearing time). Output Source

21. 21 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. DVT Testing - Single Phase Outages Test Setup » Source Channels -> 3, 5 & 7 » Output/Load Channels -> 4, 6 & 8 » Load -> 100KW Resistive » Unit -> 275KVA IR (Internal Redundant) with Common Battery Test Description » 1 cycle 0% dropout sequence (phase L1) » (0% is a low impedance (short) source fault) Test Result » 1ms Transfer Time Output Source

22. 22 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. DVT Testing - Single Phase Outages Continued Test Setup » Source Channels -> 3, 5 & 7 » Output/Load Channels -> 4, 6 & 8 » Load -> 100KW Resistive » Unit -> 275KVA IR (Internal Redundant) with Common Battery Test Description » 12 cycle 40% dropout sequence (phase L2) Test Result » 1.2ms Transfer Time Output Source

23. 23 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. DVT Testing - Single Phase Outages Continued Test Setup Source Channels -> 3,5 & 7 Output/Load Channels -> 4, 6 & 8 Load -> 225KVA ∆Y Transformer with 100KW Resistive Load Unit -> 275KVA IR (Internal Redundant) with Separate Batteries Test Description 1 cycle 0% dropout sequence (Phase L2) Test Result 1.6ms Transfer Time Output Source

24. 24 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. User Configurable Modes The Eaton 9395 Energy Saver System UPS features three configurable modes of operation: » Double Conversion » Energy Saver System » High Alert allows user defined conditions to return to ESS All modes are selectable from the front panel or through serial communications (XCP).

25. 25 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. Additional Advantages of ESS High Alert Mode User commands (locally or remotely) UPS to enter Double Conversion mode for a pre-defined time. At timeout, the unit automatically reverts to ESS Storm Detection Mode UPS senses a significant number of disturbances during a short period of time. It automatically switches to Double Conversion operation for 8 hours, then reverts to ESS. Lower duty cycle for rectifier and inverter will improve reliability and MTBF

26. 26 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. Additional Advantages of ESS Fans are typically off; therefore the reliability of one of the few moving parts in the UPS is enhanced. Contrast with flywheel-based hi efficiency systems (Piller, Hitec and Active Power) » Audible noise is reduced, since fans and PWM are off. More flexibility in location of the UPS near offices, public areas etc. EMI is dramatically reduced, since the power converters are idling 99.xx% of the time » Load inrush handling is enhanced, due to lower impedance of utility source vs. inverter. This is good for motor loads and medical imaging applications » ESS allows "seasonal scheduling" that is, run in non-ESS during the Summer thunderstorm season, then run in ESS rest of the year

27. 27 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. Operation at load faults ESS Output Fault Detection (Breaker Clearing) While in ESS the UPS is capable of detecting the difference between a load fault and an upstream short. If a load fault is detected, the UPS will try to clear the fault/breaker by remaining in ESS. If the fault is a short upstream from the UPS, it will immediately perform a forward transfer. The forward transfer time is less than 2 ms (due to the DSP control) ESS Overload Behavior If the load exceeds 110% of the UPS capacity while in Energy Saver System, the UPS will transfer to bypass and will remain there until the overload clears. Once the overload clears, the unit transitions back to Energy Saver System (except for output faults – see above). In Load Fault Mode, ESS Stays on Bypass and supplies inverter current to provide maximum fault current!

28. 28 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. Summary – Energy Saver System Energy costs are overwhelming equipment costs in data centres. » UPS electrical losses account for 5-10% of the overall electrical expenditure.* Eaton’s Energy Saver System drives these losses down to nearly zero. The energy savings recovers the cost of the UPS in less than 5 years. * Underlying figures from The Invisible Crisis in the Data Center: The Economic Meltdown of Moore’s Law, Uptime Institute, 2007

29. © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. Energy Advantage Architecture Variable Module Management System (VMMS)

30. 30 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. The Challenge For UPS’s In double conversion mode, the efficiency of any UPS varies depending on the % of load Highest efficiency when close to full capacity UPS systems rarely loaded at full capacity This is fact in redundant systems How to maximise efficiency potential of UPS systems with lighter loads FACTSFACTS FACTSFACTS CHALLENGECHALLENGE CHALLENGECHALLENGE The Solution: Eaton 9395 UPS and VMMS

31. 31 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. The Solution: Eaton VMMS How to maximise efficiency with lighter loads in double conversion mode Especially in multi-UPS and redundant system configurations Solution #1 (+) Concentrate load on certain UPS’s to maximise UPS load level and overall system efficiency Some energy savings Limited to multiple-UPS systems (with several UPS in parallel) Still not optimal Solution #2 (+++) Eaton 9395 and its Variable Module Management System Automatically optimise efficiency at UPM level Concentrate the load on certain UPM’s to maximize overall system efficiency Only possible thanks to modularity of Eaton 9395 UPS Not limited to multiple-UPS systems Achieve even higher optimisation thanks to UPM’s modularity

32. 32 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. Example With Same Load Applied To Different Multi-UPS Configurations VMMS Principle * In “ready state,” the UPM rectifies DC- link, generates logic level PWM signals, and filters EMI and lightning spikes. * * * * * *

33. 33 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. UPMs in “Ready State” The ability of the UPS to quickly turn UPMs on is due to the UPM being in a “Ready State” In “Ready State”: UPM Output Contactor is closed; Output Filter is connected and DC Bus is energised via the inverter; logic level PWM signals are generated, but IGBT gate pulses are held off In VMMS mode, UPMs can pick up load in <1ms In ESS mode, the output filter capacitors also provide surge protection – the more UPMs, the more protection!

34. 34 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. UPM cycling At the beginning of each ABM cycle, all UPMs are turned on All UPMs are on during charge cycle At the end of the ABM cycle, UPS reverts to VMMS mode – different UPMs are turned off after each ABM cycle, to ensure the workload is shared equally amongst UPMs over the system’s life

35. 35 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. Eaton 9395 275kVA UPS Eaton 9395 550kVA UPS Eaton 9395 825kVA UPS Eaton 9395 1100kVA UPS VMMS In A Nutshell 9395 275kVA 9395 550kVA 9395 825kVA 9395 1100kVA 9395 VMMS N+0 Typical Operating Range VMMS allows to shift to higher efficiency curves (according to system’s redundancy requirements) up to N+0 VMMS efficiency curve - VMMS and N+0 curves using VMMS default max UPM % load level @ 80% (*) Notes: - Scaled drawing 9395 550kVA with VMMS and N+0 configuration*9395 825kVA with VMMS and N+0 configuration* 9395 1100kVA with VMMS and N+0 configuration* VMMS allows to shift to higher efficiency curves (according to system’s redundancy requirements) up to N+0 VMMS efficiency curve VMMS allows to shift to higher efficiency curves (according to system’s redundancy requirements) up to N+0 VMMS efficiency curve

36. 36 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. VMMS Applications VMMS can be used in all multi-module (multiple-UPM) 9395 systems Single 9395 units from 550kVA to 1100kVA Distributed parallel systems Centralised SBM Systems Typical Applications Where VMMS is Particularly Efficient Redundant N+1 and 2N systems UPS’s Lightly loaded: typically operate at loads < 45% load level where efficiency is not optimal Data Centres, especially when UPS system feeds dual corded servers Any applications when load is not constant

37. 37 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. VMMS Example: 9395 / 825kVA Units in Dual Corded Load with A and B feeds Example with 440kVA load (A 220kVA + B 220kVA) Single or Dual Source Data Centre with Dual Corded Servers UPS Configuration Without VMMSVMMS on N+1 RedundancyVMMS on N+0 Redundancy Efficiency @ 440kVA load 91.2%92.8%94.3% UPS Energy Savings Used as reference for savings calculation 56 MWh / year108 MWh / year Additional benefits & comments Industry-leading UPS efficiency in double conversion Additional energy savings from reduced cooling in VMMS (typically +30-40% to UPS energy savings) UPM’s in VMMS idle mode available for redundancy A Feed 220kVA B Feed 220kVA A Feed 220kVA B Feed 220kVA A Feed 220kVA B Feed 220kVA

38. 38 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. Eaton Confidential 3 x 825 Parallel System Efficiency

39. 39 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. ESS with VMMS Double Conversion > 3% efficiency improvement over existing double conversion only approach ESS 99% efficiency for 50 % of the system load VMMS >93% efficiency for 50% of the system load Double Conversion backup for 100% of system load For dual source – no need for down stream static switch VMMS on “B” Single or Dual Source Data Centre with Dual Corded Servers ESS 99% Efficiency ESS on “A” “A” “B” 50% of Load VMMS > 93% Efficiency X

40. 40 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. ESS & VMMS – How Can I Get It? Variable Module Management System is available on Eaton 9395 UPS Earlier installations can also be upgraded with VMMS capability Energy Saver System is available on all Eaton BladeUPS, 9390 and 9395 UPS stand alone single UPS parallel systems Also all earlier installations can be upgraded with the ESS capability

41. 41 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. ESS & VMMS Resources

42. 42 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. ESS & VMMS Resources

43. © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. Easy Capacity Test 9390 & 9395

44. 44 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. UPS Load Tests Load banks are bulky and heavy Test arrangements require plenty of work Heat can be an issue if CRAC is not ready Load bank rentals are expensive Testing consumes energy Why not recycle the power?

45. 45 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. Eaton Confidential Easy Capacity Test The 9395 leverages an enhanced startup and commissioning offering exclusive to Eaton field technicians. It can take the place of some traditional load bank tests to save customers time and money during startup and commissioning. This load test ensures validation of performance of an installed UPS and can simulate various operations and power transfers. Load test capability saves customers time and money No load banks to rent No load connections needed No wasted energy

46. 46 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. Easy Capacity Test Energy is fed back to mains through static bypass All power paths including bypass tested with load Energy consumption is limited to losses

47. 47 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. Easy Capacity Test – Battery Discharge Energy is fed to mains instead of a load bank Other loads in facility consume the energy

48. 48 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. Easy Capacity Test Resources

49. 49 © 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.