1. Day Three of Ethnicity: Case Study Review

2. 1.View “Crash Course Nationalism”. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nosq94oCl_M http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nosq94oCl_M 2.Review each case study from last nights homework as a class. 3.Create a mindmap titled “The Balkans”. Read textbook “Ethnic Diversity in the Former Yugoslavia” page 244. Look at maps on pgs 244, 245, and 246. 4.Watch the “Ethnic Cleansing in the Balkans” video and add to the Balkans mindmap from above. http://aphumangeo.weebly.com/chapter-7-ethnicity.html http://aphumangeo.weebly.com/chapter-7-ethnicity.html 5.Create a mindmap titled “The Kurds”. Add to your mindmap as we read the case study on page 242. 6.View the “Genocide” video and answer the questions on the handout as you do so. 7.Please note: tomorrow, you will hand in a “packet” that contains the four mindmaps (apartheid, Sudan, Balkans, Kurds), the Kuby book notes, and the two video question sheets (Human Rights and Genocide).

3. Ethnicity Unit Assignment Checklist Friday you will turn in the items listed below for a grade. These are things we completed in class as well as homework. o Key Issue Worksheets o Create 4 mind maps for the following ethnic conflicts: o Apartheid: pg. 228-230 in book, and article o Sudan: 2 articles we read in class (I will give you a copy) o Balkans: pg. 243-247 (include Yugoslavia, Bosnia, & Kosovo) o Kurds: case study on pg. 242 o Kuby worksheet (1/2 sheet) o Human Rights worksheet with video (on the back of Apartheid article) o Genocide video worksheet (1/2 sheet)

4. Turn to pg. 244 in your book

5. Match the Eastern European countries! Poland Czech Republic Slovakia Romania Albania Macedonia Slovenia Bosnia & Herzegovina Croatia Serbia & Montenegro Bulgaria Hungary Russia Ukraine Belarus Estonia Lithuania Latvia Moldova

7. Balkan Mountains

8. Cultural Crossroads aplace where multiple cultures crossed pathsDue to Eastern Europe’s location, it has become a “cultural crossroads”: a place where multiple cultures crossed paths Many people have passed through this portion of Europe to cross between Europe and Asia Exs: –Traders, nomads, migrants, armies

9. Eastern Europe is Culturally Diverse! Multiple Languages & Religions Religion: Major ones are Eastern Orthodox Christians, Catholicism, Islam, and Judaism –Result: Many different ethnic groups of people all living in the same place = conflict Less URBAN than rest of Europe

10. Conflicts over National Identities In Eastern Europe, there have been frequent conflicts over ethnic identities –Why? Centuries of foreign rule = ethnic groups want to fiercely protect their ethnic heritage Wanted to become “nation-states” Examples: Balkan Countries vs. the Ottomans –Fought over who should rule territory Led to “Balkanization”: process of a region breaking up into small, mutually hostile units Political unit of people Who share a common Culture or history

11. After WWII: Soviet Union dominates Eastern Europe Became “Satellite Nations” (mini-Soviet Unions) CHARACTERISTICS: –Military treaties –Military bases placed in most countries –Communist govs took power; Controlled almost all aspects of people’s lives –“Hammer & Sickle” Soviet Union’s Control of Eastern Europe Nations dominated by another country

12. Western and Eastern Divisions Result of Soviet domination: Lack of growth and prospering Eastern Europe cut off from technological advancements Created a boundary between West and East

13. Fall of Communism Fall of Communism led to Independence & Instability –Newly found independence = ethnic loyalties very important –Led to civil wars, which created instability in the region Ex: –Serbian Civil War AKA Yugoslav Wars 1991-1995(didn’t want to split into separate countries) –Czechoslovakia = Czech Republic & Slovakia

14. Explain this cartoon! The satellite states escape for freedom from the sinking ship that is the Soviet Union

15. Civil War in Serbia 1991-1995 Slobodan Milosevic: Wanted to Increase Serbia’s power over the rest of Yugoslavia –Republics began leaving Yugoslavia –Serbia declared war and lost Milosevic tried for war crimes –Nations end trade w/Yugoslavia and country grew poorer –2000: Milosevic voted out of office

16. Why Serbia Feared? Milosevic’s “Greater Serbia” Expansion of Serbian borders to countries w/Serbian populations –Alarmed territories of impact; declared independence Led to wars/conflicts between Serbia and other newly independent nations

17. Murders of political opponents In the summer of 2000 former Serbian President Ivan Stambolić was kidnapped; his body was found in 2003 and Milošević was charged with ordering his murder. In 2005, several members of the Serbian secret police and criminal gangs were convicted in Belgrade for a number of murders, including Stambolić's.Ivan Stambolić In June 2006 the Supreme Court of Serbia ruled that Milošević had ordered the murder of Stambolić. The Supreme Court accepted the previous ruling of the Special Court for Organized Crime in Belgrade which targeted Milošević as the main abettor of politically motivated murders in the 1990s. Milošević was found dead in his cell on 11 March 2006, in the UN war crimes tribunal's detention center, located in the Scheveningen section of The Hague, Netherlands.ScheveningenThe Hague Autopsies soon established that Milošević had died of a heart attack. He had been suffering from heart problems and high blood pressure. Many suspicions were voiced to the effect that the heart attack had been caused or made possible deliberately.high blood pressure

18. War in Bosnia Use of VIOLENCE to STOP Independence of Bosnia & Herzegovina Many of Bosnia’s Muslims and Croats (Croatians) were murdered Tried to eliminate entire ethnic group –Ethnic Cleansing –More than 200,000 died; over 2 million fled their homes

19. Kosovo Milosevic tried to gain control of Kosovo (Serbian area) –Get rid of Albanian influences (culture) Response by Kosovo: –Declared their independence 1990s: KLA (Kosovo Liberation Army) carries out attacks against Serbian officials Serbian Ethnic Cleansing against Albanians –Bombed villages, etc. –Outcome of conflicts: new nation— Serbia & Montenegro

21. Let’s read 7,6,5,4,3,2,1 on page 244

22. A human perspective… On March 16, 1988, Iraqi Air Force planes released poisonous gases over the Kurdish town of Halabja, Iraq. An estimated 5,000 Kurds, an ethnic group in the Middle East, died from the chemical weapons attack. The Kurdish people have occupied the lands they call Kurdistan for thousands of years. In the modern world, those lands are located in Turkey, Iraq, and Iran. For most of the 20 th century, these three nations disagreed with the Kurds over control of these lands. In fact, clashes over land have been the focus of much unrest in the northeastern part of this region.

23. Clashes over Land Kurds have been called a stateless nation – Were promised a homeland after WWI but never received it

24. Ethnicity Unit Assignment Checklist Friday you will turn in the items listed below for a grade. These are things we completed in class as well as homework. o Create 4 mind maps for the following ethnic conflicts: o Apartheid: pg. 228-230 in book, and article o Sudan: 2 articles we read in class (I will give you a copy) o Balkans: pg. 243-247 o Kurds: case study on pg. 242 o Kuby worksheet (1/2 sheet) o Human Rights worksheet with video (on the back of Apartheid article) o Genocide video worksheet (1/2 sheet)