1. Canada

2. Terms Tundra- an area where the tree growth is restricted by low temperatures and short growing seasons

3. Provinces and Territories There are 10 provinces in Canada. Provinces: Newfoundland and Labrador Prince Edward Island Nova Scotia New Brunswick Ontario Quebec Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta British Columbia There are 3 territories. Yukon Territory Northwest Territories Nunavut

4. Physical Features Landforms Water Features Climate Natural Resources Economic Activities

5. Landforms Canadian Shield is the largest region. It covers almost half of the country. The northern half is covered with tundra. Rocky Mountains Interior Plains Victoria Island

6. Water Features Hudson Bay St. Lawrence River Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Arctic Ocean Niagara Falls

7. Climate Central and northern Canada- sub-arctic climate Central and eastern Canada- humid, mild climate Pacific coast- rainy winters, mild temperatures

8. Natural Resources Forests Fish, shellfish Fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, coal) Minerals (iron, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, diamonds)

9. Economic Activities Forestry and logging Mining Fisheries Agriculture Petroleum based products Hydro-electric power

10. The Land Much of Canada’s land is covered in ice or tundra leaving only a small portion available for agriculture.

11. NAFTA Canada is a member of NAFTA. NAFTA stands for North America Free Trade Agreement. NAFTA is a trade alliance between the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

12. History of Canada Early Settlement Historical Events and Places Cultural Characteristics

13. Early Settlement Examples of native people are Inuit, Cree and Algonquian.

14. French Settlements The French established settlements in Canada from the 1500s to 1700s. Cartier named the land New France.

15. Historical Events Seven Years’ War Also known as the French and Indian War, it took place from 1754-1763. It was a dispute between the French and English for the fur grounds. England won and received land in Canada.

16. British Colonies At the end of the Seven Years’ War, Great Britain acquired colonies in Canada. It was in the Treaty of Paris in 1763.

17. Dominion Of Canada In 1867, the Confederation or Dominion of Canada was established. It created provinces and territories. It was still a colony of Great Britain.

18. Transcontinental Railroad The first transcontinental railroad in Canada was completed in 1885. It helped to settle Canada making it easier to travel throughout Canada.

19. Independence In 1931, Canada gained full independence from Great Britain.

20. Cultural Characteristics Canada is a bi-lingual nation with both French and English as official languages. Due to its size and diversity, citizens of Canada identify themselves by their ethnic culture rather than nationality.

21. Landmarks Niagara Falls It is located in Ontario. It is a tourist attraction.

22. Banff National Park It is located in Alberta in the Rocky Mountains. It is Canada’s oldest National Park.

23. Churchill, Manitoba It is located on the shores of the Hudson Bay in Manitoba making it a port city. It is known as the ‘Polar Bear Capital of the World’. This is because polar bears move inland in the autumn here.