1. Culture Conformity and Culture Adaptation

2. Conformity Norms create social control – needed to keep stability in a society! Two ways in which norms are enforced:

3. 1. Internalization – Becomes part of your personality. Engrained – following rules without thinking about it. ~Driving on the right side of the road ~Stopping at a stop sign ~Getting to class on time

4. 2. Sanctions – Rewards or punishments used to enforce norms. ~Positive – rewards given to produce positive behavior. ~Negative – Punishment to keep you from breaking the norms

5. Sanctions cont… May be formal or informal… Formal Sanctions – rewards or punishments carried out by a formal organization (Gov’t, NFL, schools etc…) Informal Sanctions – rewards or punishment carried out by public sentiment (standing ovation, smile, cheer, compliment)

6. Bottom line… Social control exists when “almost” all of the people in a society conform to the norms!

7. Adaptation All cultures change over time – pace of change is related to… Cultural base – the total number of cultural traits at a particular time in a society. (tools, acts and beliefs – material or non-material)

8. Example… The automobile (tool) – influences the way we shop, where we live and leisure time activities. In the US our culture is changing rapidly

9. 5 factors that stimulate change New Ideas New Ideas People come up with new ideas, gadgets, tools etc…(cell phones, HD tv, religions, voting age)

10. Population Growth Population Growth Change in population size brings change in culture. Ex...More people, same amount of space creates a crowding effect. Housing changes, schools, transportation

11. Diffusion of cultural traits Borrowing ideas, acts and beliefs from another culture….Chinese food, Japanese cars, Yoga.

12. Physical Environment Droughts, floods, earthquakes, tornadoes …cause immediate change in culture Dams built, move away from faults Ex…when gas is expensive, people change their ways.

13. Wars and Conquests Bring about the greatest change in culture – in the least amount of time. Results in death, broken families, rebuilding of cities and government…

14. Many resist cultural change – USSR, falling of Communism…many afraid of it. Older generation – fear of computers, cell phones etc…

15. Material-Non Material Material traits accepted at a much faster rate compared to non-material. Ex….cell phone/social idea

16. Cultural Lag Where some aspects of a culture change at a slower pace or lag behind… Ex…people who are satisfied now, bound to resist change.