1. Ch 2 Biology Vocabulary Assignment #1- Organic molecules

2.  Element -is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler kinds of matter. Example: Carbon, Oxygen  Matter-Is anything that occupies space and has mass  Electron- e-, negative part of the atom, circles the nucleus, in energy levels

3.  Proton- Positive charged particle in the nucleus, determines what element the atom is.  Compound - two or more elements joined together with a chemical bond. Examples: Water, sugar, starch,.  Carbon C - Element which is the basis or organic molecules, can bond with up to 4 other atoms.

4. The 4 Most Important Def’s  Carbohydrate – Compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen: Usually a ratio of 1:2:1 Example: Sugar C 6 H 12 O 6  Protein – Macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; Needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes.  Example: Red Meat/ Beans

5.  Lipid – Macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes  Nucleic Acid – macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorous

6.  Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) – Nucleic acid which contains the sugar deoxyribose, contains the genetic information of organisms.  Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) – Single stranded nucleic acid which contains the sugar ribose, used to communicate genetic information

7.  Amino Acids – Compound with the amino group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end.  Make up Proteins  Fatty Acids – Make up lipids, attaches to glycerol  Glycerol – Makes up lipids, attaches to three fatty acids

8.  Nucleotide – monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.  Biomolecule – Molecules of life: Protein, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids

9.  Starch – Storage molecule for sugars in plants. Potatoes and Rice have lots of starch.  Cellulose – Storage molecule for sugars in plants, fiber, makes them strong. Wood and paper are mostly cellulose  Insulin – Hormone produced by the pancreas, regulates the amount of sugar (glucose) in the blood.

10. The Human Body  Is made up mostly of water. H 2 O  The Elements which are present in the body.  Element Symbol % of Human Body  Oxygen O 65.0  Carbon C 18.5  Hydrogen H 9.5  Nitrogen N 3.3  There are traces of over 60 other elements in our bodies, including Gold and Arsenic.

11. Structure of an Atom: A. Nucleus- central core has 2 particles 1. Proton - + electrical charge Atomic # = Proton # 2.Neutron – has no charge B. Electron Cloud – area that surrounds the nucleus 1. Electrons – (e-) negative charge 2. e- circle the Nucleus in energy levels 3. e- are always in specific energy levels

12. Ch 6 Bio Vocabulary Assignment #2  Glycogen – Sugar storage molecule in animals. Long chains of the sugar glucose. How we store energy.  Glucose – Simple sugar, monosaccharide which organisms use as an energy source. Produced by plants during photosynthesis.

13.  Hemoglobin – iron-containing protein in Red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body.  Fats – Lipid: made up of fatty acids and glycerol: protects body organs, insulates body, and stores energy in the body  monosaccharide– Single Sugar molecules, example glucose

14.  Acid – Compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+ ) in solution.  Base- Compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution  pH – Concentration of H+ ions, Below 7 Acid, Above 7 Base  Indicator – Something used to test for the presence of a chemical or chemical condition. Ex: pH Paper for Acids/Bases, Benedict’s solution for presence of Sugars.

15. Tests for Biomolecules  Benedict’s Solution – Tests for the presence of Glucose (sugars) in a solution  Biurets’ – Tests for Protien’s  Iodine – Element which stains starches, turns them from white to purple

16.  Enzyme – Protein that acts as a biological catalyst  Catalyst – Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

17.  Lock And Key Model – Enzyme model where the Substrate binds to the active site like a key fits into a door lock.  Substrate – reactant of an enzyme- catalyzed reaction  Active Site – Area on the enzyme which binds, where the reaction takes place.  Peptide Bond – Bond between two amino acids Active site