1. 9.1 *How Did Industrialization Impact The American Economy?
Interdependent Regional Markets
Households Consumer
Capitalism
Technology Improved
Transportation
Communication
Production {
Invest – Own
Risk
Profit

2. *Manifest Destiny: ID Trails
Santa Fe
- trade
Utah
- Mormons
Oregon
By 1846 >10,000 Americans in Oregon Territory
“54’ 40’ or fight”
49th parallel
Map p283

3. 9.2 *ID America’s “Manifest Destiny” & its Motives
Physical expansion to our natural
borders
Geography / God / Destiny (Chauvinism)
An “Empire of Liberty”
Economic Development
Land for a growing nation
National Security, Nationalism
Opportunity (Panic of 1837)
Expansion of slavery

4. *Describe N. American Relations
Black Hawk War
- NA resistance east of the Miss. R ends
Treaty of Fort Laramie 1851
Plains Indians
- Apache, Cheyenne, Sioux, Lakota
- “middle ground”
- “Make a Treaty; Break a Treaty”

5. 9.3 *Describe Texas as a Province of Mexico
Spanish Mission System Collapsed after the Mex. Rev (1820) --the “Presidio”
Mexican Independence and the Monroe Doctrine
Pop: N.A.’s , Mexican, Mestizo, Americans – (Tejanos)
Far away from Mexico, Closer to US
1820’s: Empresarios (Moses Austin)
- Land Agents bought and sold land in Texas
- Agreement when you buy:
become Mexican citizens
- obey Mexican laws, pay taxes
become catholic

6. - recruit Americans- “old 300”
- Stephen Austin
- by early 1830’s – 30K Americans in Texas
- “GTT”
resentment towards Americans in Texas grows:
- Texans importing slavery into Texas, not complying with agreement, cultural differences, Mexico refuses US offers to buy Texas.

7. *Describe the Texan Rebellion 1835-36
Santa Anna’s (1830) policies toward Texas: cancelled land grants, cancelled constitution, jails S Austin,sent an army to San Antonio in response to Texan protests.
Alamo1835, - Goliad ,1836
Sam Houston
- Houston’s strategy
- San Jacinto
- 9/36 Treaty of Velasco established the Republic of Texas ( ) –the “Lone Star Republic”
1838 requested Annexation
Tyler / Congress annex Texas 1844
12/45 – a state (Polk)

8. 9.4 *Mexican War 1845-1848: Causes Polk :
Texas Annexation and Statehood
Rio Grande / Nueces Border Dispute
Slidell $$$ offer -- rejected
Presence of American troops at the border
War Hawks
- Nationalism and Manifest Destiny
- Slavery expansionists

9. *ID Military Efforts: too much to defend
Winfield Scott
- central Mexico
- Vera Cruz
- Mexico City
Stephen Kearny
- SW US /northern Mexico
- southern Calif.
Zachary Taylor
- northern Mexico
- Monterrey
- Buena Vista
John Fremont
- California

10. California’s Story Mexican territory until 1846
Rebellion led by americans with US military support
- Kearney and Fremont
- Republic of California –Sonoma- “ Bear Flag Republic”
Gold discovered the “49ers”
- San Francisco
Sept applied for statehood – (1850)
By 1850 population had grown to 85,000

11. *ID Results – Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)
Rio Grande is the border
“Mexican Cession”
--parts of Nevada, Utah, Arizona, N Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming.
US $15 Million to Mexico
Mexico accepted US claims to Texas, California
1853: Gadsen purchase (10mil)

12. 10.1 *ID the various developing opinions in America about the extension of Slavery into the “Mexican Cession”
Sectionalism, Slavery + “The Mexican Cession”:
Failure of the Wilmot Proviso (1846)
Popular Sovereignty
“Free Soilers” (1848) – (anti-expansionists)
Missouri Compromise (1820)?
Abolitionism
Growing slave resistance in the south

13. *ID Sectional Issues that led to the Clay’s Compromise of 1850
California statehood
Texas land dispute
Washington DC
New Mexico/Utah territories
Nat’l Fugitive Slave Law
-state laws

14. *Describe the Terms of the Compromise of 1850
CALHOUN WEBSTER
DOUGLAS
Pg. 308 C L A Y

15. *Growth of Anti-Slavery feelings & Abolitionism
“Personal Liberty” Laws in northern states
Underground Railroad
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852)
- Harriett Beecher Stowe
Fredrick Douglass
- Narrative of the Life (1845)

16. *Describe the Kansas – Nebraska Act of 1854
Stephen Douglas’ motives:
* his Presidential hopes
- promotes Popular Sovereignty solution
( Slavery ≠ Northern Climate )
* his personal motives
- Land / RR development from Chicago into the territories

17. K-N Act -1854 Kansas – Nebraska Territory organized
Popular Sovereignty Principle used to determine the slavery issue in each territory
Based on Popular Sovereignty; in effect, repealing the Missouri Compromise 36/30 Line
Resulted in “Bleeding Kansas”

18. What was “ Bleeding Kansas”
sponsored migration into Kansas by both sides
mini civil war by vigilantes in Kansas territory to drive the other side out
“Bleeding Kansas”
-Lecompton (pro-slavery)
-Topeka, Lawrence (free )
John Brown

19. 10.3 *Creation of the Republican Party
Anti-Expansionists and Abolitionists from both Democratic and Whig
- “Free Soilers”
Presidential Election Trends
- N / S
- 1848, 1852, 1856
- 1860
p 320-Chart W

20. Northern Whigs Northern Democrats Free Soilers
Republican
Whigs
Free - Soilers 56 60 48 52
Lincoln (R)
Taylor (W)/Fillmore
Pierce (D)
Buchanan (D)
Southern Whigs Southern Democrats
Democrats
Democrats

21. Presidents 24-JQ Adams Nat’l Rep. 28/36- AJ Dem 36-Van Buren Dem
40-Harrison /Tyler Whig
44-Polk Dem
48-Taylor/Fillmore Whig
52-Pierce Dem
56-Buchanan Dem
60-Lincoln Rep.

22. 10.4 *ID the Importance of: Dred Scott Case -1857
- slaves are property, not citizens; no standing in court
- Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional
- Roger Taney / CJ of SC –the 5th amendment
Lecompton Constitution
- it allowed for slaves in Kansas territory to be kept
- it was rejected by the majority “Free” settlers in Kansas by vote
- but then, supported by Pres. Buchanan
Pg. 332
Taney

23. *Describe the Importance of the Lincoln – Douglas Debates
Illinois / 7
Lincoln
-National Legislation
to undo the Immoral
System
- for US Senate seat 1858
- after the Dred Scott decision
Douglas
- Popular Sovereignty concept cancels the Dred Scott ruling * ”there can be no slavery if the states don’t support it with their laws”
- The Freeport Doctrine

24. b/c of the debates:
Lincoln becomes nationally known as an anti-slave candidate
Douglas loses southern support for his attempt at the presidency in 1860

25. 1860 Election  Secession Nov 1860  March 1861 Buchanan  Lincoln
SC secedes 12/60
Miss 1/61 FL
Ala
GA 2/61 LA
TEX
Confederacy formed : 2 /61
VA 4/61
ARK, TENN, NC 5/61
** Define : “Border States”

26. *ID Events of 1850-1860 Uncle Tom’s Cabin “Bleeding Kansas”
Charles Sumner
Dred Scott Case
Lecompton Constitution
L / D debates
John Brown
1860 Election
Southern Secession
Buchanan’s inaction