1. THE ROAD TO THE CIVIL WAR
Events that led to the South seceding and the beginning of the Civil War

2. Compromises over Slavery 1820-1854
Passed by Henry Clay
Three parts
1.Missouri would be slave
2. Maine would be free.
3. All new states north of the 36 degree latitude would be free and south would be slave.
“The Missouri Compromise”
1820 By Henry Clay
1st compromise to settle slavery issuue 1819, 11 north states and 12 southern states, Henry Clay, sectionalism- no interference from North

5. Conflicting views 1844 – conflicts over annexation of Texas
Wilmot Proviso – Senator Wilmot attempted to ban slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico
Southerners disagreed
John C. Calhoun – proposed that Congress did NOT have the power to ban slavery

6. 1848- Debates led to a new political party
Called The Free Soil Party
promising “Free-soil, speech, labor, and free men.”
Did not win presidential race, but several seats in Congress

7. By 1850 there were 15 slave states and 15 free states.
California wanted to enter as a free state. (New Mexico, Oregon, Utah)
Big debate – Wilmot Privso- no slavery – Free soil pary- Southerners talked of seceding,

9. Compromise of 1850 (written by Henry Clay
North and South divided on parts of Clay’s plan
Stephen Douglas divided Clay’s plan into 5 separate bills – voted on and passed individually
1.Allowed California to be free (north)
2. New Mexico Territory open to slavery. (south)
3.Stronger fugitive slave laws. (south)
4.Slave trade to be ended in District of Columbia (DC) (North)
5. Slavery would continue in DC (South).
Compromise of 1850 (written by Henry Clay
This was the only way to save the Union.

10. Passed in 1850. Required people to help capture and return slaves.
Those who didn’t could be put in jail or fined
Many Northerners refused to cooperate
The Fugitive Slave Act

11. Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 About the evils of slavery and was circulated throughout the North and other countries.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin

13. KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT
Kansas and Nebraska both lay north of the 36 degree line and were not included in the Compromise of When they applied for statehood it stirred up trouble again.

14. Kansas-Nebraska Act
Passed in 1854
People would decide for themselves whether to be free or slave. Called popular sovereignty.

15. Conflict in Kansas/Bleeding Kansas
Both proslavery and anti-slavery people rushed to Kansas to influence the people’s vote
Border ruffians - came in and voted illegally in favor of slavery
Kansas became a slave state
Anti-slavery people refused and set up their own government.

16. Two governments in Kansas. One for and the other against it.
The two forces, fought and many people were killed. (First time blood was shed concerning slavery.) Fighting continued for months.
Retailiation led by John Brown at Pottawatomie Creek Massacre
Conflict in Congress – Rep. Preston Brooks beats Senator Charles Sumner with a cane over opposing views
Bleeding Kansas

17. The Dred Scott Case 1857
Dred Scott - a Missouri slave who moved with his owner from the South to live for a time in Illinois, a place where slavery was illegal

18. When Dred Scott’s owner died, he sued for his freedom claiming that he had lived on free soil
The judge declared Scott was property and did not have any rights.
Also declared because slaves were property, nobody had the constitutional right to make slavery illegal.
The Court Case

19. The Birth of the Republican
Party
1854 – Antislavery Whigs and Antil Slavery Democrates joined Free-Soilers (Free-soil, speech, labor, and free men.)to form Republican party -antislavery as their platform

20. / Lincoln Douglas Debates
1858 – Lincoln(R) and Douglas (D) ran against each other for Illinois Senate seat in Freeport Illinois
First time slavery was the center of debates
Lincoln – thought slavery was morally wrong, but only sought to end the SPREAD of it (not ending it where it already existed)
Douglas – sought popular sovereignty for new states, Freeport Doctrine
Douglas wins, but Lincoln becomes known

22. John Brown
John Brown led a group of whites and free African Americans in a raid on an arsenal at Harpers Ferry Va.
The aim was to arm slaves and spark a slave uprising.

24. John Brown –
Hero or murderer?
The plan failed and he was captured. He was found guilty of treason and hanged.
Remembered as a martyr.
This led to an even farther gap between the North and the South

26. Democrat Party split votes (Steven Douglass, Breckinridge, Bell, )
Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln. (Northern States)
Lincoln wasn’t even on the ballot in the South
Lincoln won because Democrats were so divided
The Election of 1860

28. Why Secession- The 3 S’s
SECTIONIALISM- extreme loyalty to one part of the country. Loyalty to your state and/or the South.
STATES RIGHTS – The states should have the right to govern themselves if they choose. The government violated the Constitution, therefore the states should have the right to leave the Union

29. 3. SLAVERY- The South believed that their way of life was very different from the North; they needed slaves for their economy to survive.

30. Seceding from the Union
South Carolina –first, November
By February 1861, six other states left

31. Warm-up
Read “What do you think on page and answer numbers 1-3

32. A SOUTHERN GOVERNMENT February 4 1861 leaders set up a new government.
Capital- Richmond Virginia.
The Confederate States of America.
Jefferson Davis -President.

34. FORT SUMTER
Fort Sumter was a federally owned fort in South Carolina – short on supplies
Lincoln ordered supplies to the fort.
The Confederates took Lincoln’s actions as a threat and began attacking Fort Sumter before the supplies could arrive – April
Right after four more states seceeded
The Civil War Begins