1. Agriscience Applications
Animal Science
Agriscience Applications

2. Objective
Investigate careers related to the field of animal science

3. Careers in Agriscience
Most entry-level jobs require a high school diploma
20% require college degrees
Some careers require advanced degrees
Veterinarian
Highly technical task (embryo transfer)
High school agriculture class is a good start

4. Veterinarian

5. Embryo Transfer Technicians

6. Objective
Examine tools related to the animal science industry

7. Animal Science Tools Candling Light Castration tools
View the interior of eggs
Castration tools
Burdizzo
Castrator
Artificial Insemination
Artificial vagina to collect semen
Insemination straw for the disposition of semen into the female

8. Egg Candling

9. Egg Candling

10. Semen Collection

11. Ear Notching

12. Animal Science Tools Management tools Dehorner Rectal thermometer
Syringe for injections
“V” notcher for identification of swine

13. Animal Science Tools
                             

14. Objective
Analyze the various breeds of beef, swine and poultry as related to use and the economic value of each

15. Beef Breeds English Breeds (European, Bos taurus)
Angus- black breed with excellent meat quality
Hereford- red with a white face
Shorthorn- used in the bloodline of more than 30 other breeds

16. Angus

17. Beef Breeds Exotic Breeds (India, Bos indicus)
Grow faster than English breeds
Leaner meat
Brahman, BeefMaster, Brangus

18. Brahman

19. Beef Breeds
Breeds in America have been developed by crossing (breeding) English and Exotic Breeds from India
Resulted in:
Increased heat tolerance
Parasite (worms, lice) resistance
Resist disease

20. Dairy Breeds Holstein 90% of the dairy cattle in the US
Black and white
Leading producer of milk
Produce about 18,000 lbs. Of milk per cow per year

21. Dairy Breeds Other Breeds Guernsey- fawn and white
Jersey- cream to light fawn to almost black
Number one in milk fat
Ayrshire-cherry red and white
Brown Swiss- solid brown

22. Holstein

23. Jersey

24. Swine and Poultry Breeds
Objective: Analyze the difference between swine and poultry

25. Swine Breeds
American Landrace
Duroc
Chester White
Hampshire
Yorkshire

26. American Landrace

27. Duroc

28. Chester White

29. Hampshire

30. Yorkshire

31. Swine Industry
The swine industry has changed from the lard type hog to a lean type demanded by consumers today
Types of operations:
Feeder-pig
Market-hog
Farrow to Finish

33. Swine Industry Purebred producers produce high quality boars:
Improves the genetic make-up
Purebreds are crossed with regular sows to increase hybrid vigor

34. Poultry Production Classified as:
Broilers
Layers
egg producers
White Leghorn are used mostly for egg production

35. White Leghorn Rooster

36. Poultry Industry Another Class of Chicken is the Bantam
Miniature versions of standard breeds
Primarily for show
90% of the turkeys grown are broad breasted whites

37. Poultry Industry
Dutch Bantam Chicken

38. Pop-Quiz Provide an explanation for the term “farrow.”
What is the breed of cattle that leads in milk production?
What breed of cattle is know for producing the most milk fat?
What is the most common breed of laying chicken?
Describe the term “hybrid vigor.”

39. Animal Nutrition
Objective: Determine the nutritional requirements for livestock and poultry breeds found in North Carolina

40. Major Nutrients Water Protein Carbohydrates Minerals Vitamins
Fats and Oils

41. Water Largest component of all living things
Animals tissue is about 75%
Regulates body temperature
Perspiration
Transports nutrients
Involved in all biochemical reactions
                          

42. Proteins Major component of muscles and tissues Made up of amino acids
Continuously needed to replace dying body cells
Young animals need large amounts for growth

43. Carbohydrates Composed of sugar and starches Provide energy and heat
Make up 75% of most animal rations
Main source:
Corn
Cereal grains

44. Minerals 15 essential minerals: Minerals are supplied by:
Calcium, phosphorus, sodium, etc.
Example: calcium is needed in poultry for eggshell development
Minerals are supplied by:
Naturally
Mineral supplements
Mineral (lick) blocks

45. Vitamins Needed in small quantities
Need for vitamins varies from species to species
Sources:
Naturally found in feed
Feed additives made from animal by-products
Made by the body itself

46. Fats and Oils Only needed in small amounts Improves:
Flavor
Palatability
Texture
Increases fattening and milk production
Carriers of some vitamins

47. Classes of Feed Concentrates Roughages (high fiber) Low in fiber
Cereal grains
Animal and Plant by-products
Roughages (high fiber)
Dry roughage is hay
Green roughage includes pastures
Silage is roughage fermented from green chop

48. TDN Total Digestible Nutrients Concentrates are high in TDN
Roughages are low in TDN

49. Assignment Read pages 484 to 499
Complete Self Evaluation page 499 and page 500
Complete both section A and B

50. Animal Digestive Systems
Objective: Compare animal digestive systems of beef, swine, and poultry

51. Ruminant Digestive System
Ruminants
Ruminant Digestive System

52. Ruminants Cattle, sheep, goats, deer
Four compartments to their stomach
Can eat more roughage in their diet
Grass
Hay
Silage
Green Chop

53. Simple Digestive System
Monogastric
Simple Digestive System

54. Monogastric Swine, horses, rabbits, humans Stomach has one compartment
Rations must be high in concentrates
Grains
Corn
Animals can not digest large amounts of fiber or roughage

55. Poultry
                                  
Chickens
Turkeys
Ducks
Geese

56. Poultry No true stomach Can not store large amounts of food
Birds do not have teeth for chewing
Food is swallowed whole
Stored in crop
Ground up in the gizzard

57. Pop Quiz Provide an explanation for the term “farrow.”
What is the breed of cattle that leads in milk production?
What breed of cattle is know for producing the most milk fat?
What is the most common breed of laying chicken?
Describe the term “hybrid vigor.”

58. Pop Quiz What nutrient is responsible for muscle growth?
What nutrient makes up 75% of most animals body?
What nutrient is made of sugar and starches?
What nutrient carries fat soluble vitamins?
What type of animal has four compartments to it’s stomach.