1. RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

2. CHARACTERISTICS OF 19TH CENTURY CZARS
Autocracy
Harsh measures against opponents
Secret police
Pogroms violence against Jews
Oppression of non-Russians  restrictive laws
Resistance to change

3. Some of the Causes… Rapid industrialization
Development of industries for the production of machine made goods
# of factories doubled between
4th leading producer of steel by 1900

4. Why build the Trans-Siberian Railroad?
What are some problems you may encounter during the building of the Trans-Siberian Railroad?

5. Video Reflection
end 8:50; start again 13:00-19:00
When watching the video, answer the following…so write these questions in your notebook.
1. Why did Russian czars feel it was necessary to build the railroad? Benefits?
2. What were the major problems Alexander III faced in order to build the railroad?

6. Industrialization…a cause?
What is needed when a nation begins to industrialize?
Land, labor, and money(capital)
Problems?
Low wages  trade unions outlawed
Gap between rich and poor widened
Influence of Karl Marx

7. Workers of the World Unite!
Karl Marx influenced the new class of workers
“Haves” vs. the “Have-nots”
Workers  “dictatorship of the proletariat”
Mensheviks(moderates) and Bolsheviks(radical) form Marxist groups

8. Russo-Japanese War
Russia and Japan fought over control over Manchuria and Korea
Russia lost  embarrassing
Unrest grows at home

9. EVENTS OF 1905 Bloody Sunday
200,000 workers march on czar’s winter palace  wanted better working conditions and wages
Troops fire on crowd, 1,000 + killed
Creation of Duma
First parliament of Russia
Czar forced to share power; dissolved it after 10 weeks  who really has the power?

10. NICHOLAS II’s MISTAKES
Brought Russia into WWI  many defeats
Czarina Alexandra given power; she became influenced by Rasputin
Rasputin was freaky, crazy, and corrupt
People were poor and starving; lots of unrest

11. Russian Revolution – Part I (The March Revolution)
March 1917: strikes expand in Petrograd; riots over bread and fuel shortages.
Soldiers ordered to fire on people but turned guns on commanding officers (mutiny).
FYI: At start of WWI, St. Petersburg sounded too German and was renamed Petrograd. After Lenin’s death in 1924, renamed Leningrad.

12. I guess they won’t call you “Nicholas the Great!”
Czar Nicholas II forced to abdicate his throne in March The end of 300 years of Romanov rule.
I guess they won’t call you “Nicholas the Great!”

13. CZAR'S FAMILY EXECUTED IN...
NICHOLAS II ABDICATES
CZAR'S FAMILY EXECUTED IN...
1918

14. PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT
Temporary Government
Led by:
Alexander Kerensky
But the Provisional Government did not have as much power as the…

15. SOVIETS
Formed by social revolutionaries
Local councils in cities
Consisted of workers, peasants, and soldiers

16. MISTAKES OF PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT
Biggest mistake: kept Russia in World War One
Also, did not help workers or peasants with food and fuel shortages
Lost all support!

17. Bolshevik REVOLUTION Led by:
Vladimir Lenin, leader of Bolshevik Party (Communists!)
His slogan:
“Peace, Land, and Bread”
Bolshevik Red Guards took over gov’t offices; arrested Prov. Gov’t leaders
Bolsheviks in power November 1917

18. All farmland distributed to peasants Factories controlled by workers
LENIN'S FIRST MOVES...
All farmland distributed to peasants
Factories controlled by workers
End Russia’s involvement in WWI Treaty of Brest-Litovsk(costly)
Gained many opponents, leading to Russian Civil War

19. RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR 1918-1920 WINNERS! LOSERS! RED ARMY Bolsheviks
(Communists!)
Led by…Leon Trotsky
WHITE ARMY
Opponents of Bolsheviks in Russia; western nations like the USA
15 million dead!
WINNERS!
LOSERS!

20. RESULTS OF THE CIVIL WAR
Red Army crushes all opposition to Bolshevik rule
Russian economy destroyed: no trade or industrial production

21. BOLSHEVIKS BECOME KNOWN AS…
THE COMMUNIST PARTY
(still led by Lenin)

22. THE NEW ECONOMIC POLICY 1921
To help Russia recover from the war Lenin allowed for a little bit of capitalism
Peasants could sell surplus (extra) crops for profit
Individuals could buy and sell goods for profit
Some small factories, farms, and businesses allowed

23. NEW COUNTRY Lenin organized Russia into self-governing republics
Central Government controlled them!
1922: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
Capital: Moscow
Lenin had created a “Dictatorship of the Communist Party”
This becomes known as Leninism

24. Lenin is #35 on the Biography of the Millennium list.
Lenin dies in 1924.
By 1928, country’s factories and farms recovered and returned to prewar levels of production.
Lenin is #35 on the Biography of the Millennium list.
Lenin's Tomb, in Red Square in Moscow, serves as the current resting place of Vladimir Lenin. His embalmed body has been on public display there since shortly after his death (with rare exceptions in wartime).