1. 1643 King Louis XIV takes thrown
The Sun King
1643 King Louis XIV takes thrown

2. Objective
SWBAT examine the rise of King Louis XIV and his reign as an absolute monarch

3. Which of the following statements do you agree most with?
A government leader should never have absolute authority.
A government leader can exercise absolute authority if it will help advance a country’s economy
A government leader can exercise absolute authority when a country is under attack
A government leader can exercise absolute authority whenever it will advance a country’s interests.
State your reasoning
Do Now 11/15/12

4. Henry IV Restores Order
1500’s  religious wars tear France apart
Catholics vs. Huguenots (French Protestants)
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre– massacred 3,000 Huguenots
Symbolized break down of order in France
By 1600s France was a strong, unified nation-state ruled by the most powerful monarch in Europe

5. Huguenot Prince Henry IV: 1589
Henry IV inherits the throne
Huguenot – fights Catholic revolutions for 4 years
Eventually converted to Catholicism to end conflict
Edict of Nantes  granted Huguenots religious toleration and other freedoms (civil unity)
Repair France – “chicken in every pot”  a good Sunday dinner for every peasant

6. Government of Henry IV Government reached every aspect of French life
Administered justice
Improved roads
Built bridges
Revived agriculture
Built a royal bureaucracy and reduced the influence of nobles
Laid the foundations on which future French monarchs would build absolute power

7. Cardinal Richelieu 1610: Henry IV killed by an assassin
Son – Louis XIII takes throne – 9 years old
Nobles reasserted power
1624: Cardinal Richelieu becomes chief minister
Strengthens the government over 18 years
Sought to destroy the power of the nobles and Huguenots
Destroyed private armies of nobles and destroyed their castles
Died 1642 leaving Mazarin as his successor

8. Louis XIV aka the “Sun King”
Inherits age 5
(rules for 72 years)
Mazarin was in place to be chief minister (replaced Richelieu)
Mazarin dies in 1661  Louis XIV takes over the government

10. L’etat, c’est moi
“I am the state” L’etat, c’est moi.
Believed in his divine right to rule
The sun was a symbol of absolute power
“Just as the sun stands at the center of the solar system, so the Sun King stands at the center of the nation.”
Never called a meeting of the Estates General between
Representatives from all 3 French social classes (clergy, nobles, townspeople)
The Estates General played no role in checking royal power

11. “SEPARATE CLASSES” In your section 2 packet Open to page 151
Read about life in France in the 1600s
Answer the Thinking Critically questions
Be prepared to discuss!

12. louis xiv

13. Do Now Who is represented in this painting?
What does the painting represent?
What message is the painting sending?
Who is the intended audience for the painting?

14. Louis XIV Takes Charge

15. Henry IV Restores Power

16. Cardinal Richelieu
What rights did the Edict of Nantes extend to Huguenots?

17. An Absolute Monarch Rises

18. Colbert

19. Versailles: Symbol of Royal Power
How did Louis XIV secure support from the nobility?

20. A Strong State Declines
How did Louis’s actions weaken France’s economy?

21. Exit Ticket
Did Louis XIV have more successes or failures during his reign?
PICK A SIDE
Argue your point. List reasons why Louis was successful or was a failure at leading France.

22. DO NOW Wednesday 11/14/11
Pick up guided notes

23. Objective
SWBAT describe how Versailles was a symbol of royal power.

24. Political Systems Read the Political Systems handout
Working in assigned groups of 3 answer the Thinking Critically question, #1
Be prepared to present your answers to the class!

25. Estates General
Estates General: Equivalent of English Parliament (never met)
Followed Richelieu’s politics to strengthen state
Expanded bureaucracy – appointed intendants – royal officials who collected taxes, recruited soldiers, and carried out policies in the provinces.
Wealthy middle class men  cemented ties between middle class and the monarchy

27. Versailles Louis XIII – hunting lodge
Louis XIV redesigned to show the king at the heart of France
Greatest architects of the day
Louis Le Vaux
Jules Hardouin-Mansart
Masterpiece – Hall of Mirrors
Glittering hall of crystal – royal and political events held there
Used his wealth to display his power

30. Versailles Moved the capital of France from Paris to Versailles
1682: moved the court & government to Versailles
Moved to Versailles from Paris so no angry mob could easily attack
The building itself was a little over a third of a mile long
gardens and over 1400 fountains employing the newest hydraulic technologies surrounded the outside.
The inside was an altar to French military might
decorated with paintings, tapestries, and statues celebrating French military victories, heroes, and, especially, French kings

31. Ruthless Monarchy You didn’t, you scratched… discreetly
Louis instituted an elaborate system of court ritual – strict rules
How many steps your could take and what you were allowed to wear
Even how to knock on a door
You didn’t, you scratched… discreetly
Versailles was a center of courtly etiquette and a setting for French literature and music
It was also a ruthless absolute monarchy
Lettre de cachet – allowed him to send anyone to prison for no reason and without a trial

32. The Dauphin Louis XV Louis married Spanish princess Maria Theresa
They had 6 children – only 1 survived to adulthood
Louis of France  The Dauphin
Louis XV
Also had a mistress – Madame de Montespan
When he would lose interest in her, she would dabble in black magic and poison to try to get him back
Her plan became public – and resulted in about 34 executions

33. While you’re living it up, some of us are starving…
Towards the end of the Thirty-Years War hunger and unrest were evident
France’s tax system: people with the least amount of money paid the highest taxes
Peasantry
Tax riots broke out in 1662 and the king’s response was to privatize the tax collection system
General Tax-Farm – people who collected taxes were permitted to raise the tax and pocket the difference
This leads to great deal of trouble in the end
Meanwhile, the 1690s and 1700s were years of terrible famine under the Sun King

34. Religious Implications
Royal church had a fancy pew for king
Courtiers pews faced the king, not the altar
Saw religion as a means of enhancing his own power
1685 revoked the Edict of Nantes (issued by his grandfather Henry IV) gave religious toleration to Huguenots
Protestant pastors were given 15 days to leave the country.
Huguenot community packed up and left for England and the Netherlands where they made important contributions to the economic status of their new homelands.

35. Using a Primary Source
Working in assigned groups of 3 read the primary source written by Fenelon about Louis XIV’s reign as absolute monarch
Answer the questions with your group and be prepared to share your responses with the class!

36. Homework English Parliament Packet Read & take notes
Answer Questions # 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
question 1 – separate the “key terms” into categories given to you then write a sentence for each term as to WHY you placed it in that category.
Period 1, 2, 5, 6 – Due Wednesday November 9
Period 7 – Due Monday November 14