1. Exploring Nazi Fascism
Social 30-2

2. Question for Inquiry
How was fascism in Nazi Germany a rejection of liberalism?
Understanding of Fascism- political, economic, and social factors.
Bottom of page 172

3. Political Spectrum
Look at the political spectrum on the top of page 173.
What is the difference between Fascism and Communism?

4. Fascism
Comes from the Italian word fascio, and the Latin word fasces. Means “sticks bundled around an axe”.
Ancient Roman symbol of power and authority.
First leader to apply this term to themselves was Benito Mussolini, an Italian dictator.

5. Fascism
Rejected the Communist values of egalitarianism and the empowerment of the working classes.
Rejected liberal political ideas and communist economic ideas, while also proposing radical social ideas incompatible with both liberalism and communism.

6. Fascism
Democratic governments seemed weak, unstable, and unable to solve social, economic, and political problems.
Fascist viewpoint- society as a whole has a shared purpose. Want their particular nation-state to dominate all other nations of the world.

7. Fascism
Believe that goals can be achieved through discipline, obedience, and the creation of an all-powerful state.

8. Social Darwinism Origin of Species- Charles Darwin Social Darwinism
Proposed that animals evolve through competition and natural selection.
Strongest and fittest survive.
Social Darwinism
Promotes the notion that some individuals or groups achieve power and advantage over others because they are stronger and fitter.

9. Ideologies Associated With Social Darwinism
Laissez-Faire Economics
Hands off economics
Businesses compete through competition
Weaker companies die off because they cannot keep up

10. Ideologies Associated With Social Darwinism
Eugenics
Ideology based in the “improvement” of the human race through selective breeding, or genocide.
Promote the reproduction of people with certain traits.
Fascists adopted this policy to justify their discrimination of certain groups.

11. Germany: How Come Fascism?
Economic Problems
Hit hard by the effects of the stock market crash known as ‘Black Tuesday’
Great Depression hit them especially hard because of the effects of the Treaty of Versailles (page 175)
Extreme inflation cause by great depression also had dramatic results. (page 175)

12. Germany: How Come Fascism?
Political Problems (Weimar Republic)
Rapid inflation, high unemployment
No clear leader or strong leader
Lost support with Germans because they accepted the terms of the Treaty of Versailles

13. Rise of Hitler National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi’s)
1923- believed that he needed to seize power by force.
Failed, sent to jail. Nazi party was banned.
While in jail, wrote a book on his understanding of Fascism, known as Mein Kampf (My Struggle).

14. Rise of Hitler
1925- Hitler promises to use legal means promote politics, and was released from prison.
Nazi party begins fighting with the Communist party of Germany in bloody street fights.

15. Rise of Hitler Hitler blamed many people for the downfall of Germany
The Weimar government
Communists
Jewish population
Etc.
When a country is in trouble, they are more susceptible to accept blaming others as a valid excuse.

16. Germany: How Come Fascism?
The German people began to look for a strong leader who could fix the country’s problems.
National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi’s)
Hitler elected to lead Germany in 1933.

17. How Did Hitler Gain Power?
Jan : Hitler is Chancellor, leader of the democratically elected government.
Feb :
Reichstag (parliament building) on fire
Nazi party blamed it on a member of the Communist party
Were able to gain popular vote

18. How Did Hitler Gain Power?
Due to the situation, a quick election was called.
The Nazi’s gained the majority of the seats in parliament.
Enabling Act
All political opposition wiped out
Hitler becomes the Absolute leader
No longer a democracy, now a dictatorship
Fuhrer

19. Nazism Hitler’s own form of Fascism Techniques used (page 178):
One superior race, the Aryans
Techniques used (page 178):
Propaganda
Youth Movements
Elimination of Opposition
Use of Terror and Force ( SA, and SS)
Scapegoats

20. Eugenics
‘Master Race’ of the German people were called upon to rebuild their empire.
The Third Reich
Nazi’s believed that they must get rid of anyone who didn’t uphold Nazi values.
Jews, Roma, homosexuals, mentally and physically handicapped, Blacks, Slovaks, Catholics.

21. Techniques of Dictatorships
Listed on page 179.

22. The Totalitarian State: Nazi Germany

23. Propaganda: Posters Statues Nazi Weddings Rallies/Parades
Cartoons Walt Disney - Hitler´s children
Swastikas
Continuity and Rebirth
Black = Power
Red = Blood, symbolized arms and strength and mobility
Flags
Radio
Films
Triumph of the Will (1935)

24. Triumph of the Will (1934)

30. “The Eternal Jew” Depiction of a Jew holding gold coins in one hand and a whip in the other. Under his arm is a map of the world, with the imprint of the hammer and sickle. Posters like this promoted a sharp rise in anti-Semitic feelings, and in some cases violence against the Jewish community.
This Nazi propaganda poster reads, ‘Behind the enemy powers: the Jew.

31. Indoctrination: Mien Kampf
Penned in prison becomes the Nazi bible
Book burning destroyed any ideas written by others
Freud
Einstein
Schools taught Hitler’s ideas
Hatred of Jewish race
Reeducation of universities all ‘Jewish’ ideas removed (any books written by or edited by Jewish people were removed)
Aryan Race
Oath of allegiance to Hitler
Hitler Youth
Promoted young children into paramilitary clubs
All other youth clubs were illegal
Controlled religion
Concordat with the Church
Protestant churches were already supportive
Ultimately Hitler wanted to remove all aspects of religion and replace it with Nazi values

32. Hearts and Minds:

33. Use of Force: Brown Shirts SA Night of long Knives June 30 1934
Private army (Free Corps)
Storm Troopers
Night of long Knives June
Roehm and the SA (Brown shirts) were eliminated
All other political opposition to Hitler were assassinated
Establishes the supremacy of the SS and Himmler
Kristallnacht November
Night of Broken glass
State sponsored Terrorism against Germany
Gestapo
Special police force who’s primary job was to protect Hitler and the German cause
This branch of the SS wa charged with ensuring that the population was controlled
Eventually they will operate the concentration camps and death camps

34. Direction of Popular Discontent:
Jewish people
Blamed for Germany’s problems
Communists
Believed that everyone was equal
This was contrary to Nazi philosophy
Blamed for burning the Reichstag
Treaty of Versailles
Germany was defeated in WWI and had to sign this treaty
Stated that Germany was solely to blame for starting the war
Resulted in economic collapse of the German nation
Weimar Republic
Signed the Treaty of Versailles

35. Direction of Popular Discontent:

36. Controlled Participation:
Enabling Act
Only one party allowed in Germany
Nazi Party
Huge rallies
Olympics
Military parades
Nuremberg Rallies
Unemployed went to work
Limited role in government
Voting
Only Nazis could vote
Plebiscites for the appearance of democracy
Withdrawal of League of Nations
Hitler and Hindenburg
Use of force and coercion
Der Fuehrer's Face-1942

37. Italian Corporate State:
Mussolini hoped that through combining both Labor and business interest that he could avoid labor problems
When the depression hit Italy the economy was not in a strong position as Mussolini had been liberal with his budgets and was consistently running a deficit
Mussolini established state run corporations to control the economy
In practice they were not efficient and led to corruption

38. Nazi Party
Leadership
Regional Party
Leaders
Local Party
CONSUMERS
German Labour
Front
National
Economic Chamber
Food Estate
Regional Chambers of
Industry and Commerce
Local Chambers of
Ministry of
Economic Affairs
Tourist business
Industrial firms
Commercials firms
Banks
Insurance companies
Energy companies
Crafts
Farms
Foodshops
Food distributors
Factory Cells

39. Judiciary Executive Legislature Fuhrer Courts NSDP Cabinet Ministers
Head of
Appointed Judges
Fuhrer
Decide Policy
Appointed
Ministers
Courts
Reichstag
NSDP
Cabinet
Decided
Cases
Ministers
Approve Laws
Implement
Laws
Voters

40. Hitler’s Economy:
Hitler inherited an economy that was close to collapse
He was able to turn the German economy around through a series of radical changes National Socialism (Nazi)
Rearmament
Rapid expansion of the military
Stoppage of reparation payments from the treaty of Versailles
Huge public works programs
Establishment of an elite who controlled the economy
Forced labor
Limited consumer goods
Huge increase in Government spending

41. Chapter 7 Assignment: Communism Fascism ‘Industrialization in Defence’
Page 167 Questions 1-2
‘Modern Russian Leader, Valdimir Putin’
Page 170 Questions 1-3
‘Knowledge and Understanding’
Page 171 Questions 1-3
Fascism
‘Hitler on Communism’
Page 178 question 1
‘Industrialization and Five Year Plans’
Pages Questions 1-4
‘Further Exploration’
Pages 183 Questions 2-4

42. Why The Right Side Of The Spectrum?
Hitler rejected all aspects of liberal views that went against the state.
So why is Fascism on the right side?
Because his economic policies were individualist. He believed that economics would be based on individual aspects, as long as it benefited the state.